פרשה: האזינו · עלייה: שלישי (תפארת)

דברים: ל"ב:י"ג - ל"ב:י"ח
ל"ב:י"ג יַרְכִּבֵ֙הוּ֙ עַל־במותי [בָּ֣מֳתֵי] אָ֔רֶץ וַיֹּאכַ֖ל תְּנוּבֹ֣ת שָׂדָ֑י וַיֵּנִקֵ֤הֽוּ דְבַשׁ֙ מִסֶּ֔לַע וְשֶׁ֖מֶן מֵחַלְמִ֥ישׁ צֽוּר׃
32:13 He set him atop the highlands, To feast on the yield of the earth; He fed him honey from the crag, And oil from the flinty rock,
32:13 He made him ride on the high places of the earth, And he did eat the fruitage of the field; And He made him to suck honey out of the crag, And oil out of the flinty rock;
ל"ב:י"ג אַשְׁרִנּוּן עַל תָּקְפֵי אַרְעָא וְאוֹכָלִנּוּן בִּזַּת סָנְאֵיהוֹן וִיהַב לְהוֹן בִּזַּת שַׁלִּיטֵי קִרְוִין וְנִכְסֵי יָתְבֵי כְּרַכִּין תַּקִּיפִין:
ל"ב:י"ג אור החיים
1יַרְכִּיבֵהוּ עַל בָּמֳתֵי וְגוֹ׳. אֵין זֶה נִמְשָׁךְ עִם הָאָמוּר לְמַעְלָה, אֶלָּא הַתְחָלַת עִנְיָן וְנִמְשָׁךְ לְמַטָּה, וּגְזֵרַת הַדְּבָרִים הוּא ״וַיִּשְׁמַן יְשֻׁרוּן״ וְגוֹ׳.
ירכיבהו על במותי ארץ, He makes him ride on the heights of the earth." This verse is not the continuation of what has been written immediately before, but it is the beginning of a new subject and the verse belongs to what follows. The basic subject being introduced here is וישמן ישורון, "Yeshurun became fat and kicked."
ל"ב:י"ד חֶמְאַ֨ת בָּקָ֜ר וַחֲלֵ֣ב צֹ֗אן עִם־חֵ֨לֶב כָּרִ֜ים וְאֵילִ֤ים בְּנֵֽי־בָשָׁן֙ וְעַתּוּדִ֔ים עִם־חֵ֖לֶב כִּלְי֣וֹת חִטָּ֑ה וְדַם־עֵנָ֖ב תִּשְׁתֶּה־חָֽמֶר׃
32:14 Curd of kine and milk of flocks; With the bestcLit. “fat.” of lambs, And rams of Bashan, and he-goats; With the d“kidney fat of.”very finest-d wheat— And foaming grape-blood was your drink.
32:14 Curd of kine, and milk of sheep, With fat of lambs, And rams of the breed of Bashan, and he-goats, With the kidney-fat of wheat; And of the blood of the grape thou drankest foaming wine.
ל"ב:י"ד יְהַב לְהוֹן בִּזַּת מַלְכֵיהוֹן וְשַׁלִּיטֵיהוֹן עִם עתַר רַבְרְבֵיהוֹן וְתַקִּיפֵיהוֹן עַמָא דְאַרְעֲהוֹן וְאַחֲסַנְתְּהוֹן עִם בִּזַּת חֵילֵיהוֹן וּמַשִּׁרְיָתְהוֹן וְדַם גִבָּרֵיהוֹן יִתָּשַׁד כְּמַיָּא:
ל"ב:ט"ו וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ן יְשֻׁרוּן֙ וַיִּבְעָ֔ט שָׁמַ֖נְתָּ עָבִ֣יתָ כָּשִׂ֑יתָ וַיִּטֹּשׁ֙ אֱל֣וֹהַ עָשָׂ֔הוּ וַיְנַבֵּ֖ל צ֥וּר יְשֻׁעָתֽוֹ׃
32:15 So Jeshurun grew fat and kicked— You grew fat and gross and coarseeMeaning of Heb. uncertain.— He forsook the God who made him And spurned the Rock of his support.
32:15 But Jeshurun waxed fat, and kicked— Thou didst wax fat, thou didst grow thick, thou didst become gross— And he forsook God who made him, And contemned the Rock of his salvation.
ל"ב:ט"ו וְעַתַּר יִשְׂרָאֵל וּבְעַט אַצְלַח תְּקוֹף קְנָא נִכְסִין וּשְׁבַק פָּלְחַן אֱלָהָא דְעָבְדֵיהּ וְאַרְגֵּז קֳדָם תַּקִּיפָא דְפָרְקֵיהּ:
ל"ב:ט"ז יַקְנִאֻ֖הוּ בְּזָרִ֑ים בְּתוֹעֵבֹ֖ת יַכְעִיסֻֽהוּ׃
32:16 They incensed Him with alien things, Vexed Him with abominations.
32:16 They roused Him to jealousy with strange gods, With abominations did they provoke Him.
ל"ב:ט"ז אַקְנִיאוּ קֳדָמוֹהִי בְּפָלְחַן טַעֲוָן בְּתוֹעֶבְתָּא אַרְגִּיזוּ קֳדָמוֹהִי:
ל"ב:י"ז יִזְבְּח֗וּ לַשֵּׁדִים֙ לֹ֣א אֱלֹ֔הַ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לֹ֣א יְדָע֑וּם חֲדָשִׁים֙ מִקָּרֹ֣ב בָּ֔אוּ לֹ֥א שְׂעָר֖וּם אֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃
32:17 They sacrificed to demons, no-gods, Gods they had never known, New ones, who came but lately, fMeaning of Heb. uncertain; Arabic sha‘ara suggests the rendering “Whom your fathers did not know.”Who stirred not your fathers’ fears.-f
32:17 They sacrificed unto demons, no-gods, Gods that they knew not, New gods that came up of late, Which your fathers dreaded not.
ל"ב:י"ז דַּבָּחוּ לְשֵׁדִין דִּלֵית בְּהוֹן צְרוֹךְ דַּחֲלָן דְּלָא יְדָעֻנּוּן חַדְתָּא דִּי מִקָּרִיב אִתְעֲבִידָא לָא אִתְעַסָּקוּ בְהוֹן אֲבָהָתְכוֹן:
ל"ב:י"ז אור החיים
1לֹא אֱלֹהַ. פֵּרוּשׁ, גַּם הֵם אֵינָם זוֹבְחִים לָהֶם לְצַד הֱיוֹתָם אֱלוֹהַּ, אֶלָּא לַעֲשׂוֹת לָהֶם צָרְכֵיהֶם וּמְבֻקָּשָׁם. וּכְנֶגֶד מַה שֶׁעוֹשִׂים לַעֲבוֹדַת אֱלִילִים אָמַר ״אֱלֹהִים לֹא יְדָעוּם״, פֵּרוּשׁ, הֲגַם שֶׁאֵינָם יוֹדְעִים אוֹתָם מַה טִיבָם שֶׁל הָאֱלִילִים הֵם עוֹבְדִים אוֹתָם. וְאָמְרוֹ ״חֲדָשִׁים מִקָּרֹב בָּאוּ״ וְגוֹ׳, עַיֵּן מַה שֶׁפֵּרַשְׁתִּי בְּפָסוּק (דברים יג:ז) ״כִּי יְסִיתְךָ אָחִיךָ״ וְגוֹ׳:
לא אלוה, "non-deity." The Israelites do not offer sacrifices to these demons because they consider them as deities, but because they hope that by this means the demons would do their bidding and take care of their needs. Concerning other sacrifices, offered to deities because the Israelites offering these sacrifices do believe that they have divine powers, Moses says: אלהים לא ידעום, "gods they never knew before." Moses scores the Israelites for offering sacrifices to deities who never even demonstrated their power to the people who used to worship them previously. חדשים מקרוב באו, new ones, recently arrived." Compare what I have explained on Deut. 13,7 when we discussed the seducer.
ל"ב:י"ח צ֥וּר יְלָדְךָ֖ תֶּ֑שִׁי וַתִּשְׁכַּ֖ח אֵ֥ל מְחֹלְלֶֽךָ׃
32:18 You neglected the Rock that begot you, Forgot the God who brought you forth.
32:18 Of the Rock that begot thee thou wast unmindful, And didst forget God that bore thee. .
ל"ב:י"ח דַּחֲלָא תַקִּיפָא דִּבְרָאָךְ אִתְנְשֵׁיתָא שְׁבַקְתָּא פָּלְחַן אֱלָהָא דְעָבְדָךְ:
ל"ב:י"ח אור החיים
1צוּר יְלָדְךָ תֶּשִׁי. יִתְבָּאֵר עַל דֶּרֶךְ אָמְרָם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (זוהר חלק ג רז:) בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁרָצָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לִבְרֹא אֶת הָאָדָם, נִמְלַךְ בַּמַּלְאָכִים וְאָמְרוּ לְפָנָיו ״מָה אֱנוֹשׁ״ וְגוֹ׳ (תהלים ח:ה), וְנִתְעַצֵּם ה׳ נֶגֶד דִּבְרֵי הַמַּלְאָכִים וּבְרָאוֹ וְהֶעֱנִישׁ הַמְּנַגְּדִים, עַד כָּאן, וְלָזֶה כְּשֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל עוֹבְרִים רְצוֹנוֹ מַחְלִישִׁים טַעַם לֵידָתוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם, וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ ״יְלָדְךָ תֶּשִׁי״.
צור ילדך תשי, "You neglected the Rock that begot you;" This is best understood in connection with Sanhedrin 38 that at the time G'd was about to create man, He consulted with the angels about His project. Some angels strenuously opposed the creation of man. G'd not only ignored these angels and created man, but He punished the angels who had opposed man's creation. Whenever Israel sins this weakens G'd's argument in favour of having created man. This is what Moses meant when he said ילדך תשי, "you weaken the One who begot you."
2וַתִּשְׁכַּח אֵל מְחֹלְלֶךָ. תִּתְפָּרֵשׁ לְשׁוֹן עֲדִי, כְּדֶרֶךְ אָמְרוֹ (הושע ב:טו) ״וַתַּעַד נִזְמָהּ וְחֶלְיָתָהּ״, וְהַכַּוָּנָה שֶׁעֲשָׂאֲךָ מָחוֹל, עֲדִי עַל כָּל הַנִּבְרָאִים, אֲפִלּוּ עַל הַמַּלְאָכִים, כְּאָמְרוֹ (תהלים סו:יב) ״הִרְכַּבְתָּ אֱנוֹשׁ לְרֹאשֵׁנוּ״, אוֹ עַל דֶּרֶךְ אָמְרוֹ (ישעיה מט:ג) ״יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר בְּךָ אֶתְפָּאָר״, שֶׁעֲשָׂאֲךָ עֲדִי לוֹ יִתְבָּרַךְ. וְרַזַ״ל אָמְרוּ (ספרי) דְּרָשׁוֹת וּכְפַטִּישׁ וְגוֹ׳.
ותשכח אל מחללך, "You forgot the G'd who brought you forth." The word מחללך may be understood as a reference to jewels as in Hoseah 2,15 ותעד נזמה וחליתה, "when she was decked out with her nose-rings and her jewelry," etc. What Moses means is that Israel forgot the very G'd who had made her a more precious jewel than any other creature including the angels. Compare Psalms 66,12, or Isaiah 49,3 "Israel in whom I glory." G'd means that He wears the name of Israel like a person wears a jewel. Our sages have offered a variety of interpretations of this verse.

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