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פרשה: שמיני · עלייה: שני (גבורה)

ויקרא: ט׳:י"ז - ט׳:כ"ג
ט׳:י"ז וַיַּקְרֵב֮ אֶת־הַמִּנְחָה֒ וַיְמַלֵּ֤א כַפּוֹ֙ מִמֶּ֔נָּה וַיַּקְטֵ֖ר עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ מִלְּבַ֖ד עֹלַ֥ת הַבֹּֽקֶר׃
9:17 He then brought forward the meal offering and, taking a handful of it, he turned it into smoke on the altar—in addition to the burnt offering of the morning.aSee Exod. 29.38–46.
9:17 And the meal-offering was presented; and he filled his hand therefrom, and made it smoke upon the altar, besides the burnt-offering of the morning.
ט׳:י"ז וְקָרֵב יָת מִנְחָתָא וּמְלָא יְדֵיהּ מִנַּהּ וְאַסֵּק עַל מַדְבְּחָא בַּר מֵעֲלַת צַפְרָא:
ט׳:י"ח וַיִּשְׁחַ֤ט אֶת־הַשּׁוֹר֙ וְאֶת־הָאַ֔יִל זֶ֥בַח הַשְּׁלָמִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָעָ֑ם וַ֠יַּמְצִאוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן אֶת־הַדָּם֙ אֵלָ֔יו וַיִּזְרְקֵ֥הוּ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃
9:18 He slaughtered the ox and the ram, the people’s sacrifice of well-being. Aaron’s sons passed the blood to him—which he dashed against every side of the altar—
9:18 He slew also the ox and the ram, the sacrifice of peace-offerings, which was for the people; and Aaron’s sons delivered unto him the blood, and he dashed it against the altar round about,
ט׳:י"ח וּנְכֵס יָת תּוֹרָא וְיָת דִּכְרָא נִכְסַת קוּדְשַׁיָּא דִּי לְעַמָּא וְאַמְטִיאוּ בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן יָת דְּמָא לֵיהּ וּזְרָקֵיהּ עַל מַדְבְּחָא סְחוֹר סְחוֹר:
ט׳:י"ט וְאֶת־הַחֲלָבִ֖ים מִן־הַשּׁ֑וֹר וּמִן־הָאַ֔יִל הָֽאַלְיָ֤ה וְהַֽמְכַסֶּה֙ וְהַכְּלָיֹ֔ת וְיֹתֶ֖רֶת הַכָּבֵֽד׃
9:19 and the fat parts of the ox and the ram: the broad tail, the covering [fat], the kidneys, and the protuberances of the livers.
9:19 and the fat of the ox, and of the ram, the fat tail, and that which covereth the inwards, and the kidneys, and the lobe of the liver.
ט׳:י"ט וְיָת תַּרְבַּיָּא מִן תּוֹרָא וּמִן דִּכְרָא אֲלִיתָא וְחָפֵי גַוָּא וְכָלְיְתָא וַחֲצַר כַּבְדָּא:
ט׳:כ׳ וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ אֶת־הַחֲלָבִ֖ים עַל־הֶחָז֑וֹת וַיַּקְטֵ֥ר הַחֲלָבִ֖ים הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָה׃
9:20 They laid these fat parts over the breasts; and AaronbThis word moved up from v. 21 for clarity. turned the fat parts into smoke on the altar,
9:20 And they put the fat upon the breasts, and he made the fat smoke upon the altar.
ט׳:כ׳ וְשַׁוִּיאוּ יָת תַּרְבַּיָּא עַל חֶדְוָתָא וְאַסֵּק תַּרְבַּיָּא לְמַדְבְּחָא:
ט׳:כ"א וְאֵ֣ת הֶחָז֗וֹת וְאֵת֙ שׁ֣וֹק הַיָּמִ֔ין הֵנִ֧יף אַהֲרֹ֛ן תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּ֥ה מֹשֶֽׁה׃
9:21 and elevated the breasts and the right thighs as an elevation offering before the LORD—as Moses had commanded.
9:21 And the breasts and the right thigh Aaron waved for a wave-offering before the LORD; as Moses commanded.
ט׳:כ"א וְיָת חֶדְוָתָא וְיָת שׁוֹקָא דְיַמִּינָא אֲרֵם אַהֲרֹן אֲרָמָא קֳדָם יְיָ כְּמָא דִי פַּקִּיד משֶׁה:
ט׳:כ"ב וַיִּשָּׂ֨א אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־ידו [יָדָ֛יו] אֶל־הָעָ֖ם וַֽיְבָרְכֵ֑ם וַיֵּ֗רֶד מֵעֲשֹׂ֧ת הַֽחַטָּ֛את וְהָעֹלָ֖ה וְהַשְּׁלָמִֽים׃
9:22 Aaron lifted his hands toward the people and blessed them; and he stepped down after offering the sin offering, the burnt offering, and the offering of well-being.
9:22 And Aaron lifted up his hands toward the people, and blessed them; and he came down from offering the sin-offering, and the burnt-offering, and the peace-offerings.
ט׳:כ"ב וַאֲרֵם אַהֲרֹן יָת יְדוֹהִי עַל עַמָּא וּבָרֵכִנּוּן וּנְחַת מִלְּמֶעְבַּד חַטָּאתָא וַעֲלָתָא וְנִכְסַת קוּדְשַׁיָּא:
ט׳:כ"ב אור החיים
1וַיִּשָּׂא אַהֲרֹן וְגוֹ׳. בְּתוֹרַת כֹּהֲנִים פָּרָשָׁה כ״ט אָמְרוּ: מִקְרָא מְסֹרָס, רָאוּי לוֹמַר ״וַיֵּרֶד מֵעֲשׂוֹת״ וְגוֹ׳ ״וַיִּשָּׂא אַהֲרֹן״ וְגוֹ׳, שֶׁבִּירִידָתוֹ נָשָׂא כַּפָּיו וְכוּ׳. וְצָרִיךְ לָדַעַת לָמָּה יְדַבֵּר הַכָּתוּב בְּדֶרֶךְ זֶה וְלֹא בְּדֶרֶךְ הַיָּשָׁר. וְאוּלַי כִּי בִּרְאוֹתוֹ אַהֲרֹן שֶׁלֹּא יָרְדָה שְׁכִינָה, חָשַׁב אוּלַי כִּי עֲדַיִן חָסֵר כַּפָּרָתוֹ עַל מַעֲשֵׂה הָעֵגֶל שֶׁבְּאֶמְצָעוּתוֹ הֵבִיא קְלָלָה עַל שׂוֹנְאֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְלָזֶה ״וַיִּשָּׂא וְגוֹ׳ וַיְבָרֵךְ״ וְגוֹ׳, וּבָזֶה יָרַד מֵעֲשׂוֹת תַּשְׁלוּמֵי הַחַטָּאת וְכוּ׳. וְאוּלַי כִּי גַּם בִּרְכַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל, לְצַד שֶׁהִיא כַּפָּרַת חֶטְאוֹ שֶׁל אַהֲרֹן, תּוּכְלַל בִּכְלַל הַחַטָּאת, כִּי גַּם לָהּ יִתְיַחֵס שֵׁם חַטָּאת. וְאָמְרוֹ וַיֵּרֶד, אוּלַי כִּי הוּא לְשׁוֹן יְרִידָה כִּי הוּכַּר לוֹ פְּחִיתוּתוֹ, לְצַד שֶׁרָאָה שֶׁגָּמַר מֵעֲשׂוֹת הַכֹּל וְלֹא יָרְדָה שְׁכִינָה. וְתִמְצָא שֶׁאָמְרוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה בְּתוֹרַת כֹּהֲנִים פָּרָשָׁה י״ט שֶׁצָּעַק אַהֲרֹן לִפְנֵי מֹשֶׁה שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ לִיקְרַב לַמִּזְבֵּחַ וּבָא לִידֵי בּוּשָׁה וְכוּ׳, וְנִכְנַס מֹשֶׁה עִמּוֹ וּבִקְשׁוּ רַחֲמִים וְיָרְדָה שְׁכִינָה.
וישא אהרון אח ידיו, Aaron raised his hands, etc. Torat Kohanim claims that this verse is truncated and the words: "he descended from offering the sin-offering, etc." should have been written before the words "he raised his hands and blessed them." We therefore have to explore why the Torah chose this unusual sequence. Perhaps when Aaron realised that the Presence of G'd had not manifested itself (by consuming the fat and meat on the altar by means of heavenly fire) he may have felt that both he and the people had not yet been completely exonerated from their respective share in the sin of the golden calf. He therefore considered himself as having brought a curse on the people. By raising his hands already at this time and blessing the people, Aaron hoped to counteract that curse. Only after he had blessed the people did he feel that he had really completed the ritual of the sin-offering. He was then able to descend from the altar secure in the knowledge that he had done all he could. Perhaps the Torah wanted the blessing of the Israelites to be included in the procedure of offering the sin-offering because it also exonerated Aaron from his share in the guilt. The word וירד may also refer to a spiritual descent; when Aaron saw that the שכינה had not yet descended, he felt reduced in stature, i.e. וירד. Torat Kohanim on our verse reports Aaron as having cried out to Moses that the latter had commanded him to present these offerings on the altar only to now shame him when G'd had not indicated that He had accepted these offerings. Moses then entered the Tabernacle together with Aaron and after they asked G'd to show mercy the fire from heaven materialised.
ט׳:כ"ג וַיָּבֹ֨א מֹשֶׁ֤ה וְאַהֲרֹן֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד וַיֵּ֣צְא֔וּ וַֽיְבָרֲכ֖וּ אֶת־הָעָ֑ם וַיֵּרָ֥א כְבוֹד־יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־כָּל־הָעָֽם׃
9:23 Moses and Aaron then went inside the Tent of Meeting. When they came out, they blessed the people; and the Presence of the LORD appeared to all the people.
9:23 And Moses and Aaron went into the tent of meeting, and came out, and blessed the people; and the glory of the LORD appeared unto all the people.
ט׳:כ"ג וְעַל משֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן לְמַשְׁכַּן זִמְנָא וּנְפָקוּ וּבָרִיכוּ יָת עַמָּא וְאִתְגְּלִי יְקָרָא דַיְיָ לְכָל עַמָּא:
ט׳:כ"ג אור החיים
1וַיֵּצְאוּ וַיְבָרֲכוּ וְגוֹ׳. אוּלַי כִּי כֵן נִצְטַוּוּ בִּנְבוּאָה. אוֹ בְּרָכָה זוֹ בִּמְקוֹם תְּפִלָּה הָיְתָה כְּדֵי שֶׁתִּשְׁרֶה שְׁכִינָה. וַהֲגַם שֶׁכְּבָר בֵּרְכָם אַהֲרֹן, טוֹבִים הַשְּׁנַיִם לְצַד הַסְכָּמַת שְׁתֵּי מַדְרֵגוֹת הָרְמוּזִים בִּשְׁתֵּי בְּחִינוֹת הָאַחִים, כְּהוּנָּה וּלְוִיָּה, שֶׁהֵם חֶסֶד וּגְבוּרָה:
ויצאו ויברכו את העם, They emerged from the Tabernacle and blessed the people. Perhaps they had been commanded to do so by a prophetic vision. It is also possible that the Torah substitutes the word "blessing" here for the word "prayer." The prayer may have been that G'd's Presence should continue to manifest itself in the camp. Even though the people had already been blessed by Aaron, it was good to be blessed by both brothers each of whom represented a different nuance of spirituality, one that is unique to the Levite and the other the spirituality unique to the priesthood. In kabbalistic terms the two brothers Aaron and Moses represented the emanations חסד וגבורה respectively.

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