Parasha: Kedoshim · Aliyah: Fourth (Netzach)

Leviticus 19:33–19:37
י"ט:ל"ג וְכִֽי־יָג֧וּר אִתְּךָ֛ גֵּ֖ר בְּאַרְצְכֶ֑ם לֹ֥א תוֹנ֖וּ אֹתֽוֹ׃
19:33 When a stranger resides with you in your land, you shall not wrong him.
19:33 And if a stranger sojourn with thee in your land, ye shall not do him wrong.
י"ט:ל"ג וַאֲרֵי יִתְגַּיַּר עִמָּךְ גִּיּוֹרָא בְּאַרְעֲכוֹן לָא תוֹנוּן יָתֵיהּ:
י"ט:ל"ג אור החיים
1וְכִי יָגוּר אִתְּךָ וְגוֹ׳. אָמַר לָשׁוֹן יָחִיד אִתְּךָ וְחָזַר לוֹמַר לְשׁוֹן רַבִּים בְּאַרְצְכֶם. לְצַד כִּי הַמְשָׁכַת הַגֵּרִים תִּהְיֶה בְּאֶמְצָעוּת הַצַּדִּיק אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ עָלָיו הַשָּׁלוֹם, גַּם לְצַד טֹהַר אֶרֶץ הַקְּדוֹשָׁה תִּגָּרֵר נַפְשׁוֹת הַשְּׁבוּיוֹת, לָזֶה אָמַר אִתְּךָ לְשׁוֹן יָחִיד לִרְמֹז אֶל הַצַּדִּיק, כִּי לֹא כֻּלָּן הֵם בְּגֶדֶר הַמְשָׁכַת עַנְפֵי הַקְּדֻשָּׁה, וְאָמַר בְּאַרְצְכֶם לִרְמֹז לְמַעֲשֵׂה הָאָרֶץ, שֶׁגַּם הִיא יֶשְׁנָהּ בְּגֶדֶר פְּעֻלָּה טוֹבָה זוֹ.
וכי יגור אתך גר, "And if a proselyte sojourn with you in your land, etc." The Torah commences with the singular, i.e. אתך, amongst you (sing), while switching to plural, i.e. ארצכם, "your country" (pl); the reason is that proselytes have been attracted to Judaism through the original proselyte, the first Jew, Abraham, the "spiritual father" of all proselytes. Another factor in attracting pagans to convert to Judaism is the Holy Land itself. We perceive all the souls of the converts as having been "captured" souls which had been ensnared by Satan either in bulk as a result of Adam's sin or individually on subsequent occasions. The word אתך alludes to Abraham's ability to attract converts, the word ארצכם to the ability of the land of Israel itself to exert such an influence.
2עוֹד יִרְמֹז עַל הַשְׁרָאַת הַשְּׁכִינָה בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה אִתָּנוּ, וִיצַו ה׳ ״כִּי יָגוּר אִתְּךָ גֵּר״ מִמָּקוֹם גָּבוֹהַ. דִּקְדֵּק לוֹמַר ״אִתְּךָ״ עַל דֶּרֶךְ (תהלים עח:ס) ״אֹהֶל שִׁכֵּן בָּאָדָם״. וְאָמַר בְּאַרְצְכֶם הִיא אֶרֶץ הַקְּדוֹשָׁה כִּי שָׁם מְקוֹם הַשְּׁכִינָה, וְעָזְבָה מְקוֹמָהּ עֶלְיוֹן וּבָאָה לָגוּר בָּאָרֶץ. ״לֹא תוֹנוּ אוֹתוֹ״, שֶׁאֵין לְךָ אוֹנָאָה כְּאוֹנָאַת הַשְּׁכִינָה. וְאָמְרוֹ כְּאֶזְרָח מִכֶּם וְגוֹ׳ לְהַזְהִיר עַל הַגֵּרִים וְכוּ׳ הַבָּאִים לְהִתְיַהֵד.
This verse also contains an allusion to the manner in which the שכינה remains with us in this life. Accordingly, the "alien" referred to is the One whose original home was in a different, i.e. celestial domain. G'd commanded His presence to take up residence within each individual Jew as mentioned in Psalms 78,60: אהל שכן באדם, "a tent which He established within (amongst) man." ארצכם, in your land; this is a reference to the Holy Land, the home of G'd's presence. It left its home to take up residence on earth. כאזרח מכם, This is a warning for strangers in the land of Israel to convert to Judasim.
י"ט:ל"ד כְּאֶזְרָ֣ח מִכֶּם֩ יִהְיֶ֨ה לָכֶ֜ם הַגֵּ֣ר ׀ הַגָּ֣ר אִתְּכֶ֗ם וְאָהַבְתָּ֥ לוֹ֙ כָּמ֔וֹךָ כִּֽי־גֵרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃
19:34 The stranger who resides with you shall be to you as one of your citizens; you shall love him as yourself, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt: I the LORD am your God.
19:34 The stranger that sojourneth with you shall be unto you as the home-born among you, and thou shalt love him as thyself; for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God.
י"ט:ל"ד כְּיַצִּיבָא מִנְּכוֹן יְהֵי לְכוֹן גִּיּוֹרָא דְּיִתְגַּיַּר בֵּינֵיכוֹן וּתְרַחֵם לֵיהּ כְּוָתָךְ אֲרֵי דַיָּרִין הֲוֵיתוּן בְּאַרְעָא דְמִצְרָיִם אֲנָא יְיָ אֱלָהָכוֹן:
י"ט:ל"ד אור החיים
1כְּאֶזְרָח מִכֶּם וְגוֹ׳. כָּאן גִּלָּה ה׳ סוֹדוֹ שֶׁכָּל נַפְשׁוֹת עַם קְדוֹשׁוֹ הָיוּ טְבוּעִים בְּמִצְרַיִם בְּתוֹךְ הָאוּמּוֹת, וְהוּא מַה שֶׁאָמַר ״כְּאֶזְרָח מִכֶּם״ וְגוֹ׳. וְאִם תֹּאמַר אֵיךְ יִשְׁוֶה זֶרַע מְרֵעִים שֶׁאֲבוֹתָיו גּוֹיִם לְאֶזְרָח שֶׁאֲבוֹתָיו יְדִידֵי ה׳? לָזֶה אָמַר כִּי גֵרִים הֱיִיתֶם בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם, פֵּרוּשׁ נַפְשׁוֹתָם הָיוּ מְעֹרָבִים תּוֹךְ קְלִפּוֹת מִצְרַיִם, וְעַיֵּן מַה שֶׁפֵּרַשְׁתִּי בְּפָרָשַׁת יִתְרוֹ (שמות כ:ב) בְּפָסוּק ״אָנֹכִי ה׳ וְגוֹ׳ אֲשֶׁר הוֹצֵאתִיךָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם״ וְגוֹ׳, וּכְמוֹ כֵן גֵּר זֶה הָיְתָה נַפְשׁוֹ תּוֹךְ הַקְּלִפּוֹת וְעַכְשָׁיו זָרְחָה בָּעוֹלָם וְחָזְרָה לְשָׁרְשָׁהּ, וּכְפִי זֶה יֶשְׁנוֹ לִנְתִינַת טַעַם לִשְׁבָח ״כִּי גֵרִים״ וְגוֹ׳, שֶׁאִם עַל גֵּרוּת הַגּוּפוֹת אֵין הַטַּעַם נָכוֹן כִּי יִשְׁתַּנֶּה גֵּר הַבָּא מִן הָאוּמּוֹת שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיֶה נֶאֱהָב לְצַד הַהֶבְדֵּל שֶׁיֶּשְׁנוֹ בְּשִׁנּוּי הַמִּשְׁפָּחוֹת, כִּי לֹא כְּכָל מִשְׁפְּחוֹת הַגּוֹיִם בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל.
כאזרח מכם, "he shall be like a natural-born resident amongst you." Here the Torah reveals the mystical dimension (i.e. their spiritual status) of all the souls of the Jewish people while they were submerged in Egypt and its culture amongst the various nations. This is why the Torah describes them as "like one of your very own," i.e. you have much more in common with converts than you think. Should you query how it is possible that the seed of wicked people, someone whose father was a Gentile, could suddenly be rated as equal to people whose fathers were beloved of G'd, the Torah reminds us כי גרים הייתם בארץ מצרים, "that the souls of these strangers (converts) were intertwined with those of your own when you were still in Egypt." Please read what I have written on this subject in Parshat Yitro on 20,2 (page 673) and the meaning of "I have taken you out of Egypt, etc." What applied to that situation also applies to the situation described here. The "stranger" who was part of the קליפות, the spiritually negative domain, has come to take refuge under the wings of G'd's שכינה. As of now his soul has returned to its holy roots. Once we adopt this approach it is clear that when the Torah speaks of כי גרים הייתם בארץ מצרים, "for you yourselves were strangers in the land of Egypt," the Torah compliments the converts. If the Torah were concerned only with the conversion of people whose souls were never attached to sanctity and whose bodies now wanted to become part of the families of the Israelites, it is hardly likely that they would suddenly become beloved by G'd seeing that their family background is so different. Jewish families are not comparable to Gentile families. The only reason these proselytes are embraced wholeheartedly by the Torah is that the Torah views these converts as people who are returning to their roots.
י"ט:ל"ה לֹא־תַעֲשׂ֥וּ עָ֖וֶל בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט בַּמִּדָּ֕ה בַּמִּשְׁקָ֖ל וּבַמְּשׂוּרָֽה׃
19:35 You shall not falsify measures of length, weight, or capacity.
19:35 Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment, in meteyard, in weight, or in measure.
י"ט:ל"ה לָא תַעְבְּדוּן שְׁקַר בְּדִין בִּמְשַׁחְתָּא בְּמַתְקְלָא וּבִמְכִלְתָּא:
י"ט:ל"ו מֹ֧אזְנֵי צֶ֣דֶק אַבְנֵי־צֶ֗דֶק אֵ֥יפַת צֶ֛דֶק וְהִ֥ין צֶ֖דֶק יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם אֲנִי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
19:36 You shall have an honest balance, honest weights, an honest ephah, and an honest hin. I the LORD am your God who freed you from the land of Egypt.
19:36 Just balances, just weights, a just ephah, and a just hin, shall ye have: I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt.
י"ט:ל"ו מֹאזְנָוָן דִּקְשׁוֹט מַתְקְלָן דִּקְשׁוֹט מְכִילָן דִּקְשׁוֹט וְהִינִין דִּקְשׁוֹט יְהוֹן לְכוֹן אֲנָא יְיָ אֱלָהָכוֹן דִּי אַפֵּקִית יָתְכוֹן מֵאַרְעָא דְמִצְרָיִם:
י"ט:ל"ז וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֶת־כָּל־חֻקֹּתַי֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־מִשְׁפָּטַ֔י וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ (פ)
19:37 You shall faithfully observe all My laws and all My rules: I am the LORD.
19:37 And ye shall observe all My statutes, and all Mine ordinances, and do them: I am the LORD.
י"ט:ל"ז וְתִטְּרוּן יָת כָּל קְיָמַי וְיָת כָּל דִּינַי וְתַעְבְּדוּן יָתְהוֹן אֲנָא יְיָ:

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