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פרשה: מטות · עלייה: חמישי (הוד)

במדבר: ל"א:מ"ב - ל"א:נ"ד
ל"א:מ"ב וּמִֽמַּחֲצִ֖ית בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁר֙ חָצָ֣ה מֹשֶׁ֔ה מִן־הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים הַצֹּבְאִֽים׃
31:42 As for the half-share of the other Israelites, which Moses withdrew from the men who had taken the field,
31:42 And of the children of Israel’s half, which Moses divided off from the men that warred—
ל"א:מ"ב וּמִפַּלְגּוּת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל דִּי פְּלַג משֶׁה מִן גַּבְרַיָּא דִּי נְפָקוּ לְחֵילָא:
ל"א:מ"ג וַתְּהִ֛י מֶחֱצַ֥ת הָעֵדָ֖ה מִן־הַצֹּ֑אן שְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֙לֶף֙ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים אֶ֔לֶף שִׁבְעַ֥ת אֲלָפִ֖ים וַחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃
31:43 that half-share of the community consisted of 337,500 sheep,
31:43 now the congregation’s half was three hundred thousand and thirty thousand and seven thousand and five hundred sheep,
ל"א:מ"ג וַהֲוַת פַּלְגּוּת כְּנִשְׁתָּא מִן עָנָא תְּלַת מְאָה וּתְלָתִין וְשַׁבְעָא אַלְפִין וַחֲמֵשׁ מְאָה:
ל"א:מ"ד וּבָקָ֕ר שִׁשָּׁ֥ה וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים אָֽלֶף׃
31:44 36,000 head of cattle,
31:44 and thirty and six thousand beeves,
ל"א:מ"ד וְתוֹרֵי תְּלָתִין וְשִׁתָּא אַלְפִין:
ל"א:מ"ה וַחֲמֹרִ֕ים שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף וַחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃
31:45 30,500 asses,
31:45 and thirty thousand and five hundred asses,
ל"א:מ"ה וַחֲמָרֵי תְּלָתִין אַלְפִין וַחֲמֵשׁ מְאָה:
ל"א:מ"ו וְנֶ֣פֶשׁ אָדָ֔ם שִׁשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר אָֽלֶף׃
31:46 and 16,000 human beings.
31:46 and sixteen thousand persons—
ל"א:מ"ו וְנַפְשָׁא דֶאֱנָשָׁא שִׁתָּא עֲשַׂר אַלְפִין:
ל"א:מ"ז וַיִּקַּ֨ח מֹשֶׁ֜ה מִמַּחֲצִ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶת־הָֽאָחֻז֙ אֶחָ֣ד מִן־הַחֲמִשִּׁ֔ים מִן־הָאָדָ֖ם וּמִן־הַבְּהֵמָ֑ה וַיִּתֵּ֨ן אֹתָ֜ם לַלְוִיִּ֗ם שֹֽׁמְרֵי֙ מִשְׁמֶ֙רֶת֙ מִשְׁכַּ֣ן יְהוָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃
31:47 From this half-share of the Israelites, Moses withheld one in every fifty humans and animals; and he gave them to the Levites, who attended to the duties of the LORD’s Tabernacle, as the LORD had commanded Moses.
31:47 even of the children of Israel’s half, Moses took one drawn out of every fifty, both of man and of beast, and gave them unto the Levites, that kept the charge of the tabernacle of the LORD; as the LORD commanded Moses.
ל"א:מ"ז וּנְסִיב משֶׁה מִפַּלְגּוּת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל יָת דְּאִתַּחַד חַד מִן חַמְשִׁין מִן אֱנָשָׁא וּמִן בְּעִירָא וִיהַב יָתְהוֹן לְלֵוָאֵי נָטְרֵי מַטְּרַת מַשְׁכְּנָא דַיְיָ כְּמָא דִי פַּקִּיד יְיָ יָת משֶׁה:
ל"א:מ"ח וַֽיִּקְרְבוּ֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה הַפְּקֻדִ֕ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר לְאַלְפֵ֣י הַצָּבָ֑א שָׂרֵ֥י הָאֲלָפִ֖ים וְשָׂרֵ֥י הַמֵּאֽוֹת׃
31:48 The commanders of the troop divisions, the officers of thousands and the officers of hundreds, approached Moses.
31:48 And the officers that were over the thousands of the host, the captains of thousands, and the captains of hundreds, came near unto Moses;
ל"א:מ"ח וְקָרִיבוּ לְוָת משֶׁה דִּי מְמַנַּן עַל אַלְפֵי חֵילָא רַבָּנֵי אַלְפִין וְרַבָּנֵי מָאֲוָתָא:
ל"א:מ"ט וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה עֲבָדֶ֣יךָ נָֽשְׂא֗וּ אֶת־רֹ֛אשׁ אַנְשֵׁ֥י הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיָדֵ֑נוּ וְלֹא־נִפְקַ֥ד מִמֶּ֖נּוּ אִֽישׁ׃
31:49 They said to Moses, “Your servants have made a check of the warriors in our charge, and not one of us is missing.
31:49 and they said unto Moses: ‘Thy servants have taken the sum of the men of war that are under our charge, and there lacketh not one man of us.
ל"א:מ"ט וַאֲמָרוּ לְמשֶׁה עַבְדָּיךְ קַבִּילוּ יָת חֻשְׁבַּן גַּבְרֵי מְגִיחֵי קְרָבָא דִּי עִמָּנָא וְלָא שְׁגָא מִנָּנָא אֱנָשׁ:
ל"א:מ"ט אור החיים
1וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֶל מֹשֶׁה וְגוֹ׳ וַנַּקְרֵב וְגוֹ׳. פֵּרוּשׁ מַאֲמַר וַיֹּאמְרוּ וְגוֹ׳ וְלֹא נִפְקַד וְגוֹ׳ הוּא לְהָסִיר מֵהֶם חֲשַׁשׁ מִכְשׁוֹל עָוֹן, כַּמּוּבָן מִמִּין הַקָּרְבָּן אֲשֶׁר הִקְרִיבוּ תַּכְשִׁיטֵי נָשִׁים, וּמַאֲמַר וַנַּקְרֵב וְגוֹ׳ הוּא טַעַם הַקָּרְבָּן שֶׁהוּא לְכַפֵּר עַל הִרְהוּר עָוֹן, כְּמַאֲמָרָם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה בְּשַׁבָּת (שבת סד.) וּפֵרַשְׁתִּיהוּ בְּחִבּוּרִי (חפץ ה׳):
-50. ויאמרו אל משה…ונקרב, They said to Moses:…"we have brought the Lord's offering, etc." The meaning of the soldiers saying that after counting who had returned from the battle it became clear that they had not suffered a single casualty was designed to convince Moses that not one of these soldiers who had volunteered had previously been guilty of any sin even remotely connected to the parts of the body on which these pieces of jewelry were worn , and which they had offered as atonement offerings for themselves. The expression ונקרב alluded to הרהורי עברה, fantasies about committing a sin. The purpose of the sacrifice was to atone for any such fantasies one had entertained (compare Shabbat 64). I have elaborated on this theme in my booklet called חפץ השם (on a variety of Talmudical subjects)
ל"א:נ׳ וַנַּקְרֵ֞ב אֶת־קָרְבַּ֣ן יְהוָ֗ה אִישׁ֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר מָצָ֤א כְלִֽי־זָהָב֙ אֶצְעָדָ֣ה וְצָמִ֔יד טַבַּ֖עַת עָגִ֣יל וְכוּמָ֑ז לְכַפֵּ֥ר עַל־נַפְשֹׁתֵ֖ינוּ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃
31:50 So we have brought as an offering to the LORD such articles of gold as each of us came upon: armlets, bracelets, signet rings, earrings, and pendants,cSee note at Exod. 35.22. that expiation may be made for our persons before the LORD.”
31:50 And we have brought the LORD’S offering, what every man hath gotten, of jewels of gold, armlets, and bracelets, signet-rings, ear-rings, and girdles, to make atonement for our souls before the LORD.’
ל"א:נ׳ וְקָרֶבְנָא יָת קוּרְבָּנָא דַיְיָ גְּבַר דְּאַשְׁכַּח מַאן דִּדְהָב שִׁירִין וְשִׁבְּכִין עִזְקָן קַדָּשִׁין וּמָחוֹךְ לְכַפָּרָא עַל נַפְשָׁתָנָא קֳדָם יְיָ:
ל"א:נ"א וַיִּקַּ֨ח מֹשֶׁ֜ה וְאֶלְעָזָ֧ר הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֶת־הַזָּהָ֖ב מֵֽאִתָּ֑ם כֹּ֖ל כְּלִ֥י מַעֲשֶֽׂה׃
31:51 Moses and Eleazar the priest accepted the gold from them, all kinds of wrought articles.
31:51 And Moses and Eleazar the priest took the gold of them, even all wrought jewels.
ל"א:נ"א וּנְסִיב משֶׁה וְאֶלְעָזָר כַּהֲנָא יָת דַּהֲבָא מִנְּהוֹן כָּל מַאן דְּעוֹבָדָא:
ל"א:נ"א אור החיים
1כֹּל כְּלִי מַעֲשֶׂה. הוֹדִיעַ בָּזֶה רִבּוּי הַשָּׁלָל שֶׁל מִדְיָן לְבַד הָיָה שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר אֶלֶף וּשְׁבַע מֵאוֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁים. וְאָמַר עוֹד אַנְשֵׁי הַצָּבָא בָּזְזוּ אִישׁ לוֹ אַחַר שֶׁכְּבָר הוֹדִיעַ הַכָּתוּב לְמַעְלָה בִּזַּת אַנְשֵׁי הַצָּבָא שֶׁבָּזְזוּ לְעַצְמָן, גַּם אֵין זֶה מְקוֹם הוֹדָעָה זוֹ, אֶלָּא בָּא לְהוֹדִיעַ כִּי לֹא כָל כְּלֵי זָהָב שֶׁל מִדְיָן הָיוּ אֵלּוּ, אֶלָּא מַה שֶׁהֵבִיאוּ הַמְּמֻנִּים שֶׁל הַצָּבָא מִלְּבַד מַה שֶׁבָּזְזוּ אַנְשֵׁי הַצָּבָא כָּל אֶחָד לְעַצְמוֹ. וְהַכַּוָּנָה בָּזֶה שֶׁמָּצְאוּ לָהֶם עֹשֶׁר גָּדוֹל.
כל כלי מעשה, "all kinds of wrought articles." We get an idea of the quantity and variety of the loot the Israelites captured from the Midianites if these wrought articles alone amounted to 16,750 shekels. The Torah (verse 53) adds: "each man looted for himself" after the Torah had already told us previously that the soldiers had looted for themselves. Why did the Torah mention this fact again in this context? Apparently the Torah wanted to tell us that this was the sum total of all the golden pieces which the commanders had captured, exclusive of what the common soldiers had captured which had been mentioned previously. Altogether, great riches had been found and captured.
ל"א:נ"ב וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כָּל־זְהַ֣ב הַתְּרוּמָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֵרִ֙ימוּ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה שִׁשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֛לֶף שְׁבַע־מֵא֥וֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁ֖ים שָׁ֑קֶל מֵאֵת֙ שָׂרֵ֣י הָֽאֲלָפִ֔ים וּמֵאֵ֖ת שָׂרֵ֥י הַמֵּאֽוֹת׃
31:52 All the gold that was offered by the officers of thousands and the officers of hundreds as a contribution to the LORD came to 16,750 shekels.—
31:52 And all the gold of the gift that they set apart for the LORD, of the captains of thousands, and of the captains of hundreds, was sixteen thousand seven hundred and fifty shekels.—
ל"א:נ"ב וַהֲוָה כָּל דְּהַב אַפְרָשׁוּתָא דִּי אַפְרִישׁוּ קֳדָם יְיָ שִׁתָּא עֲשַׂר אַלְפִין שְׁבַע מְאָה וְחַמְשִׁין סִלְעִין מִן רַבָּנֵי אַלְפִין וּמִן רַבָּנֵי מָאֲוָתָא:
ל"א:נ"ג אַנְשֵׁי֙ הַצָּבָ֔א בָּזְז֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ לֽוֹ׃
31:53 But in the ranks, everyone kept his booty for himself.—
31:53 For the men of war had taken booty, every man for himself.—
ל"א:נ"ג גַּבְרֵי דְּחֵילָא בָּזוּ גְּבַר לְנַפְשֵׁיהּ:
ל"א:נ"ד וַיִּקַּ֨ח מֹשֶׁ֜ה וְאֶלְעָזָ֤ר הַכֹּהֵן֙ אֶת־הַזָּהָ֔ב מֵאֵ֛ת שָׂרֵ֥י הָאֲלָפִ֖ים וְהַמֵּא֑וֹת וַיָּבִ֤אוּ אֹתוֹ֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד זִכָּר֥וֹן לִבְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ (פ)
31:54 So Moses and Eleazar the priest accepted the gold from the officers of thousands and the officers of hundreds and brought it to the Tent of Meeting, as a reminder in behalf of the Israelites before the LORD.
31:54 And Moses and Eleazar the priest took the gold of the captains of thousands and of hundreds, and brought it into the tent of meeting, for a memorial for the children of Israel before the LORD.
ל"א:נ"ד וּנְסִיב משֶׁה וְאֶלְעָזָר כַּהֲנָא יָת דַּהֲבָא מִן רַבָּנֵי אַלְפִין וּמָאֲוָתָא וְאַיְתִיאוּ יָתֵיהּ לְמַשְׁכַּן זִמְנָא דָּכְרָנָא לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל קֳדָם יְיָ:
ל"א:נ"ד אור החיים
1אֶל אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד זִכָּרוֹן וְגוֹ׳ לִפְנֵי ה׳. צָרִיךְ לָדַעַת לָמָּה כָּתַב בְּסֵדֶר זֶה שֶׁהִפְסִיק בֵּין זִכְרוֹן הַמָּקוֹם וּבֵין מַאֲמַר ״לִפְנֵי ה׳״, שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ לוֹמַר ״אֶל אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד לִפְנֵי ה׳ זִכָּרוֹן לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל״? וְיִתְבָּאֵר הַכָּתוּב עַל פִּי מַה שֶׁאָמְרוּ בְּמַסֶּכֶת כַּלָּה וְזֶה לְשׁוֹנָם: אָמַר רַב אַחַאי בַּר יֹאשִׁיָּה, כָּל הַמְפַנֶּה עַצְמוֹ מִן הָעֲבֵרָה, אֲפִלּוּ הוּא יִשְׂרָאֵל רָאוּי הוּא לְהַעֲלוֹת עוֹלָה כְּכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְכוּ׳, עַד כָּאן. וּמַה שֶׁלְּפָנֵינוּ כָּל כְּלֵי מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁהֵרִימוּ הַפְּקוּדִים הָיוּ מֵהָאֲנָשִׁים שֶׁפִּנּוּ עַצְמָן מֵהָעֲבֵרָה, וְהַכֵּלִים בָּאוּ מִגּוּף הַדָּבָר, שֶׁאָמְרוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (שיר השירים ו:ו) שֶׁכָּךְ הָיָה מִנְהָגָם בְּאוֹתָהּ מִלְחָמָה: כְּשֶׁהָיוּ מַפְשִׁיטִים תַּכְשִׁיטֵיהֶם הָיוּ טָחִין פְּנֵיהֶם בְּטִיט וָרֶפֶשׁ וְהָיוּ פּוֹרְקִין נִזְמֵיהֶם מֵהֶם שֶׁלֹּא יִסְתַּכְּלוּ בָּהֶם. וְהוּא מַה שֶׁנִּתְכַּוֵּן בְּמַה שֶׁסָּמַךְ מַאֲמַר ״לִפְנֵי ה׳״ לְמַאֲמַר ״לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל״, כִּי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵלּוּ רְאוּיִים לִהְיוֹת לִפְנֵי ה׳ כְּמַאֲמַר רַב אַחַאי בַּר יֹאשִׁיָּה, וְהָיָה הַדָּבָר לְזִכָּרוֹן.
אל אהל מועד זכרון לבני ישראל, to the Tent of Meeting as a memorial for the children of Israel, etc. Why did the Torah use the unusual way of separating the words "Tent of Meeting" and "before G'd" by interposing the words "as a memorial for the children of Israel?" These words should have appeared at the end of the verse! We may be able to understand our verse with the help of a statement in Massechet Kallah. Said Rabbi Achai bar Yoshiah: "anyone who turns away from a sin that he was about to commit becomes as fit as the High Priest to offer a sacrifice on the altar even if he is not a priest." Thus far the relevant statement of Rabbi Achai. The pieces of jewelry offered by the commanders of the punitive expedition in our verse as sacrifices were all in the nature of offerings after the owners had spurned the commission of sins which they were about to commit. The jewelry had been taken literally from the persons with whom the sin in question would have been committed. Our sages commented on Song of Songs, 6,6: "your teeth are like a flock of ewes," that during the war in question the Israelite soldiers removed the Midianite women's personal jewelry, smeared some kind of plaster and dung on their faces, took off their nose-rings so that they would not be tempted to look at them and to lust after them. This is what the Torah had in mind with the words לבני ישראל followed by the words לפני השם. The soldiers in question had elevated themselves to a spiritual level equivalent to the priests who offer the sacrifices before G'd in the Tabernacle. Their conduct became a memorial for future generations of Israelites.

התחבר כדי לעקוב אחר הקריאה