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פרשה: לך לך · עלייה: שני (גבורה)

בראשית: י"ב:י"ד - י"ג:ד׳
י"ב:י"ד וַיְהִ֕י כְּב֥וֹא אַבְרָ֖ם מִצְרָ֑יְמָה וַיִּרְא֤וּ הַמִּצְרִים֙ אֶת־הָ֣אִשָּׁ֔ה כִּֽי־יָפָ֥ה הִ֖וא מְאֹֽד׃
12:14 When Abram entered Egypt, the Egyptians saw how very beautiful the woman was.
12:14 And it came to pass, that, when Abram was come into Egypt, the Egyptians beheld the woman that she was very fair.
י"ב:י"ד וַהֲוָה כַּד עַל אַבְרָם לְמִצְרָיִם וַחֲזוֹ מִצְרָאֵי יָת אִתְּתָא אֲרֵי שַׁפִּירָא הִיא לַחֲדָא:
י"ב:ט"ו וַיִּרְא֤וּ אֹתָהּ֙ שָׂרֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה וַיְהַֽלְל֥וּ אֹתָ֖הּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וַתֻּקַּ֥ח הָאִשָּׁ֖ה בֵּ֥ית פַּרְעֹֽה׃
12:15 Pharaoh’s courtiers saw her and praised her to Pharaoh, and the woman was taken into Pharaoh’s palace.
12:15 And the princes of Pharaoh saw her, and praised her to Pharaoh; and the woman was taken into Pharaoh’s house.
י"ב:ט"ו וַחֲזוֹ יָתַהּ רַבְרְבֵי פַרְעֹה וְשַׁבָּחוּ יָתַהּ לְפַרְעֹה וְאִדַּבָּרַת אִתְּתָא לְבֵית פַּרְעֹה:
י"ב:ט"ז וּלְאַבְרָ֥ם הֵיטִ֖יב בַּעֲבוּרָ֑הּ וַֽיְהִי־ל֤וֹ צֹאן־וּבָקָר֙ וַחֲמֹרִ֔ים וַעֲבָדִים֙ וּשְׁפָחֹ֔ת וַאֲתֹנֹ֖ת וּגְמַלִּֽים׃
12:16 And because of her, it went well with Abram; he acquired sheep, oxen, asses, male and female slaves, she-asses, and camels.
12:16 And he dealt well with Abram for her sake; and he had sheep, and oxen, and he-asses, and men-servants, and maid-servants, and she-asses, and camels.
י"ב:ט"ז וּלְאַבְרָם אוֹטִיב בְּדִילַהּ וַהֲווֹ לֵיהּ עָאן וְתוֹרִין וַחֲמָרִין וְעַבְדִין וְאַמְהָן וְאַתְנָן וְגַמְלִין:
י"ב:י"ז וַיְנַגַּ֨ע יְהוָ֧ה ׀ אֶת־פַּרְעֹ֛ה נְגָעִ֥ים גְּדֹלִ֖ים וְאֶת־בֵּית֑וֹ עַל־דְּבַ֥ר שָׂרַ֖י אֵ֥שֶׁת אַבְרָֽם׃
12:17 But the LORD afflicted Pharaoh and his household with mighty plagues on account of Sarai, the wife of Abram.
12:17 And the LORD plagued Pharaoh and his house with great plagues because of Sarai Abram’s wife.
י"ב:י"ז וְאַיְתִי יְיָ עַל פַּרְעֹה מַכְתָּשִׁין רַבְרְבִין וְעַל אֱנַשׁ בֵּיתֵיהּ עַל עֵיסַק שָׂרַי אִתַּת אַבְרָם:
י"ב:י"ז אור החיים
1וַיְנַגַּע ה׳ וְגוֹ׳ עַל דְּבַר שָׂרַי אֵשֶׁת וְגוֹ׳. פֵּירוּשׁ, כִּי בִּשְׁעַת הַנֶּגַע הוֹדִיעַ כִּי שָׂרַי הִיא אֵשֶׁת אַבְרָם:
וינגע ה׳ את פרעה. G'd brought plagues on Pharaoh. The word וינגע is related to נגע, touched. When Pharaoh was about to touch Sarah, G'd revealed to him that she was married to Abraham.
י"ב:י"ח וַיִּקְרָ֤א פַרְעֹה֙ לְאַבְרָ֔ם וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מַה־זֹּ֖את עָשִׂ֣יתָ לִּ֑י לָ֚מָּה לֹא־הִגַּ֣דְתָּ לִּ֔י כִּ֥י אִשְׁתְּךָ֖ הִֽוא׃
12:18 Pharaoh sent for Abram and said, “What is this you have done to me! Why did you not tell me that she was your wife?
12:18 And Pharaoh called Abram, and said: ‘What is this that thou hast done unto me? why didst thou not tell me that she was thy wife?
י"ב:י"ח וּקְרָא פַרְעֹה לְאַבְרָם וַאֲמַר מָה דָא עֲבַדְתְּ לִי לְמָא לָא חַוֵּיתָא לִי אֲרֵי אִתְּתָךְ הִיא:
י"ב:י"ח אור החיים
1(יח-יט) וַיִּקְרָא פַרְעֹה וְגוֹ׳ לָמָּה וְגוֹ׳, לָמָה וְגוֹ׳. קָשֶׁה לָמָּה כָּפַל הַקֻּשְׁיָא שְׁתֵּי פְּעָמִים בְּאוֹפֶן מְשֻׁנֶּה? וְאוּלַי שֶׁיְּכַוֵּן לוֹמַר שְׁתֵּי הַדְרָגוֹת בִּתְמִיהָתוֹ עַל זֶה הַדֶּרֶךְ: הָאַחַת, מִן הָרָאוּי הָיָה לְךָ לָחוּשׁ לִי שֶׁמָּא לֹא נֵדַע כִּי הִיא אִשְׁתְּךָ וְאֶקָּחֶנָּה, וְעוֹד שֶׁהוֹסַפְתָּ לַעֲשׂוֹת בְּמַה שֶׁאָמַרְתָּ בְּפֵרוּשׁ ״אֲחוֹתִי הִיא״.
ויקרא פרעה לאברם. Pharaoh called in Abram. Why does the Torah quote Pharaoh as saying למה, why, twice in succession? Perhaps he wanted to give expressions to two levels of his astonishment at Abraham's conduct. First he accused Abraham of entrapping him by withholding the information that Sarah was married, a fact which could cause Pharaoh to commit a sin. Secondly, Pharaoh could not understand that Abraham had not only withheld relevant information but had deliberately misinformed him when he described Sarah as his sister.
2עוֹד יִתְבָּאֵר עַל דֶּרֶךְ אָמְרָם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (רש״י) כִּי טַעַם פַּרְעֹה שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ ״הִנֵּה אִשְׁתְּךָ קַח וָלֵךְ״, וַאֲבִימֶלֶךְ אָמַר אֵלָיו ״הִנֵּה אַרְצִי לְפָנֶיךָ״ וְגוֹ׳, כִּי פַּרְעֹה לֶהֱיוֹת אֲנָשָׁיו כְּעוּרִים וּשְׁטוּפֵי זִמָּה חָשׁ עַל הַדָּבָר שֶׁיִּכָּשְׁלוּ בּוֹ וְיֵעָנְשׁוּ, מַה שֶׁאֵין כֵּן אֲבִימֶלֶךְ שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ כְּעוּרִים וְכוּ׳. וְלָזֶה תִּמְצָא שֶׁאֲבִימֶלֶךְ אָמַר אֵלָיו ״מָה רָאִיתָ כִּי עָשִׂיתָ״ וְגוֹ׳, מַה שֶׁאֵין כֵּן פַּרְעֹה כִּי יוֹדֵעַ טַעְמוֹ שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם כִּי יָרֵא פֶּן יָמוּת עָלֶיהָ. וּמֵעַתָּה יִתְבָּאֵר הַכָּתוּב עַל נָכוֹן, לֶהֱיוֹת שֶׁיָּדַע פַּרְעֹה הַטַּעַם לֹא יֻצְדַּק לוֹמַר לוֹ ״לָמָה אָמַרְתָּ אֲחוֹתִי הִיא״, כִּי אִם שְׁאֵלָה רִאשׁוֹנָה ״לָמָּה לֹא הִגַּדְתָּ לִי״ בְּיִחוּד כִּי הִיא אִשְׁתְּךָ. וּבָזֶה, הֲגַם שֶׁתֹּאמַר ״אֲחוֹתִי הִיא״ תִּהְיֶה לְךָ שְׁמִירָה מֵהָעָם וְלֹא הָיִיתָ גּוֹרֵם לִי רָעָה לְהִכָּשֵׁל בָּהּ, כִּי פַּרְעֹה הָיָה מַחְזִיק עַצְמוֹ וַדַּאי שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲשֶׂה דָּבָר מְגֻנֶּה בְּיָדְעוֹ כִּי הִיא אִשְׁתּוֹ וְלֹא יַחְשְׁדֶנּוּ אַבְרָהָם. וְהַהַגָּדָה הָיְתָה מוֹעֶלֶת לְאַבְרָהָם לְאֶחָד מִשְּׁנֵי דְרָכִים: אוֹ יְצַו עָלָיו פַּרְעֹה אֲנָשִׁים לְשָׁמְרוֹ כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה אַחַר כָּךְ בִּזְמַן מוּעָט, אוֹ הָיָה מְמַהֵר לְשַׁלְּחוֹ. וְהוֹסִיף לוֹמַר לָמָה אָמַרְתָּ וְגוֹ׳, פֵּרוּשׁ: וְאִם תֹּאמַר וְכִי חוֹבַת גַּבְרָא הוּא שֶׁכָּל אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר יָבִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ יֵלֵךְ וְיַגִּיד לְפַרְעֹה כִּי אִשְׁתּוֹ זֹאת? לָזֶה אָמַר ״לָמָה אָמַרְתָּ״ וְגוֹ׳, וּמֵהַטַּעַם עַצְמוֹ שֶׁאָמַרְתָּ ״אֲחוֹתִי הִיא״ לְצַד מַעֲלַת יָפְיָהּ, לָזֶה עָלֶיךָ בִּפְרָט מֻטָּל לְהוֹדִיעַ.
One reason why Pharaoh and Avimelech reacted differently to Abraham's deception may have to do with the ugliness of the Egyptians. Pharaoh expelled Abraham (12,20), whereas Avimelech put the whole country at his disposal (20,15). Pharaoh could not be sure that some other member of his people would not rape Sarah even after he had released her since Sarah's beauty was in such contrast to that of his own people and his people were steeped in sexual permissiveness. Avimelech had no such concerns. This is why he asked Abraham: "what did you see, etc?" He meant "why did you have reason to be worried?" Pharaoh understood very well that Abraham would never feel safe once the people knew Sarah was his wife. He had to be given safe conduct out of the country. The Torah tells us of the hypocrisy of Pharaoh by adding his second question. Pharaoh was entitled to the first question. He could claim that Abraham should have told him at least privately that Sarah was his wife. He claimed to have been insulted by Abraham's lie since he would have provided Abraham with security once he knew that he was Sarah's husband. Abraham had made it plain by his lie that he even suspected Pharaoh himself of being unable to restrain his lust. He wanted Abraham to believe that either a) he would have provided him with a security escort, or b) he would have sent him out of the country immediately. We might well ask why every husband who comes to a foreign country has to identify his entourage and point out to the king who is his wife.
3אוֹ יֹאמַר עַל זֶה הַדֶּרֶךְ: לָמָה אָמַרְתָּ וְגוֹ׳, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁאָמַרְתָּ הָיָה לְךָ לָחוּשׁ לִי לְקַחְתָּהּ לְאִשָּׁה. הֵן אֱמֶת אִם לֹא הָיִיתָ אוֹמֵר, אֲנִי הָיִיתִי חוֹשֵׁשׁ לָהּ מֵאֵשֶׁת אִישׁ, אֲבָל כֵּיוָן שֶׁאָמַרְתָּ ״אֲחוֹתִי״ הָיָה לְךָ לָחוּשׁ לִי שֶׁאֶקָּחֶנָּה לְאִשָּׁה וְתַגִּיד לִי בְּסוֹד. וְלֹא הֵשִׁיב אַבְרָהָם דָּבָר כְּמוֹ שֶׁהֵשִׁיב לַאֲבִימֶלֶךְ, כִּי אַבְרָהָם טַעְמוֹ הָיָה שֶׁהָיָה חוֹשֵׁד לְפַרְעֹה עַצְמוֹ וְאֵין רָאוּי לְהָשִׁיב עַל זֶה. וְאוּלַי כִּי לָזֶה חָשׁ פַּרְעֹה וּמִהֵר לְשַׁלְּחוֹ מֵאַרְצוֹ, וְזוּלַת זֶה יְצַו עָלָיו בִּתְמִידוּת אֲנָשִׁים.
Pharaoh asked why Abraham told a lie though normally there had not been a need for him to say anything regarding this woman. Nonetheless Sarah's extraordinary beauty should have prompted him to come forward and tell the truth in order to ensure his and her safety. The moment Abraham misrepresented the facts, he only had himself to blame if Pharaoh decided to take Sarah for himself. Abraham could not answer Pharaoh without insulting him further by telling him that he placed no trust in his assurances, that he thought Pharaoh perfectly capable of doing what he did even had he known that Sarah was married to him. Pharaoh may well have got the hint; this may be why he hastened to expel Abraham and entourage from Egypt.
י"ב:י"ט לָמָ֤ה אָמַ֙רְתָּ֙ אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֔וא וָאֶקַּ֥ח אֹתָ֛הּ לִ֖י לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וְעַתָּ֕ה הִנֵּ֥ה אִשְׁתְּךָ֖ קַ֥ח וָלֵֽךְ׃
12:19 Why did you say, ‘She is my sister,’ so that I took her as my wife? Now, here is your wife; take her and begone!”
12:19 Why saidst thou: She is my sister? so that I took her to be my wife; now therefore behold thy wife, take her, and go thy way.’
י"ב:י"ט לְמָא אֲמַרְתְּ אֲחָתִי הִיא וּדְבָרִית יָתַהּ לִי לְאִתּוּ וּכְעַן הָא אִתְּתָךְ דְּבַר וְאִיזֵיל:
י"ב:כ׳ וַיְצַ֥ו עָלָ֛יו פַּרְעֹ֖ה אֲנָשִׁ֑ים וַֽיְשַׁלְּח֥וּ אֹת֛וֹ וְאֶת־אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לֽוֹ׃
12:20 And Pharaoh put men in charge of him, and they sent him off with his wife and all that he possessed.
12:20 And Pharaoh gave men charge concerning him; and they brought him on the way, and his wife, and all that he had.
י"ב:כ׳ וּפַקֵּיד עֲלוֹהִי פַּרְעֹה גּוּבְרִין וְאַלְוִיאוּ יָתֵיהּ וְיָת אִתְּתֵיהּ וְיָת כָּל דִּילֵיהּ:
י"ג:א׳ וַיַּעַל֩ אַבְרָ֨ם מִמִּצְרַ֜יִם ה֠וּא וְאִשְׁתּ֧וֹ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ וְל֥וֹט עִמּ֖וֹ הַנֶּֽגְבָּה׃
13:1 From Egypt, Abram went up into the Negeb, with his wife and all that he possessed, together with Lot.
13:1 And Abram went up out of Egypt, he, and his wife, and all that he had, and Lot with him, into the South.
י"ג:א׳ וּסְלִיק אַבְרָם מִמִּצְרַיִם הוּא וְאִתְּתֵיהּ וְכָל דִּילֵיהּ וְלוֹט עִמֵּיהּ לְדָרוֹמָא:
י"ג:ב׳ וְאַבְרָ֖ם כָּבֵ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד בַּמִּקְנֶ֕ה בַּכֶּ֖סֶף וּבַזָּהָֽב׃
13:2 Now Abram was very rich in cattle, silver, and gold.
13:2 And Abram was very rich in cattle, in silver, and in gold.
י"ג:ב׳ וְאַבְרָם תַּקִּיף לַחֲדָא בִּבְעִירָא בְּכַסְפָּא וּבְדַהֲבָא:
י"ג:ג׳ וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ לְמַסָּעָ֔יו מִנֶּ֖גֶב וְעַד־בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל עַד־הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁר־הָ֨יָה שָׁ֤ם אהלה [אָֽהֳלוֹ֙] בַּתְּחִלָּ֔ה בֵּ֥ין בֵּֽית־אֵ֖ל וּבֵ֥ין הָעָֽי׃
13:3 And he proceeded by stages from the Negeb as far as Bethel, to the place where his tent had been formerly, between Bethel and Ai,
13:3 And he went on his journeys from the South even to Beth-el, unto the place where his tent had been at the beginning, between Beth-el and Ai;
י"ג:ג׳ וַאֲזַל לְמַטְלָנוֹהִי מִדָּרוֹמָא וְעַד בֵּית אֵל עַד אַתְרָא דִּי פְרַס תַּמָּן מַשְׁכְּנֵיהּ בְּקַדְמֵיתָא בֵּין בֵּית אֵל וּבֵין עָי:
י"ג:ד׳ אֶל־מְקוֹם֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ אֲשֶׁר־עָ֥שָׂה שָׁ֖ם בָּרִאשֹׁנָ֑ה וַיִּקְרָ֥א שָׁ֛ם אַבְרָ֖ם בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָֽה׃
13:4 the site of the altar that he had built there at first; and there Abram invoked the LORD by name.
13:4 unto the place of the altar, which he had made there at the first; and Abram called there on the name of the LORD.
י"ג:ד׳ לַאֲתַר מַדְבְּחָא דִּי עֲבַד תַּמָּן בְּקַדְמֵיתָא וְצַלִּי תַמָּן אַבְרָם בִּשְׁמָא דַיְיָ:

התחבר כדי לעקוב אחר הקריאה