א׳
לַ֭מְנַצֵּחַ לְדָוִ֣ד מִזְמ֑וֹר אֱלֹהֵ֥י תְ֝הִלָּתִ֗י אַֽל־תֶּחֱרַֽשׁ׃
1
For the leader. Of David. A psalm.
O God of my praise,
do not keep aloof,
1
For the Leader. A Psalm of David. O God of my praise, keep not silence;
אֱלֹהֵי תְהִלָּתִי אַל תֶּחֱרַשׁ. עַל כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל נֶאֱמַר:
O God of my praise, be not silent This was said regarding all Israel.
ב׳
כִּ֤י פִ֪י רָשָׁ֡ע וּֽפִי־מִ֭רְמָה עָלַ֣י פָּתָ֑חוּ דִּבְּר֥וּ אִ֝תִּ֗י לְשׁ֣וֹן שָֽׁקֶר׃
2
for the wicked and the deceitful
open their mouth against me;
they speak to me with lying tongue.
2
For the mouth of the wicked and the mouth of deceit have they opened against me; They have spoken unto me with a lying tongue.
כִּי פִי רָשָׁע. עֵשָׂו:
For the mouth of a wicked man Ishmael.
ג׳
וְדִבְרֵ֣י שִׂנְאָ֣ה סְבָב֑וּנִי וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֥וּנִי חִנָּֽם׃
3
They encircle me with words of hate;
they attack me without cause.
3
They compassed me about also with words of hatred, And fought against me without a cause.
ד׳
תַּֽחַת־אַהֲבָתִ֥י יִשְׂטְנ֗וּנִי וַאֲנִ֥י תְפִלָּֽה׃
4
They answer my love with accusation
and I must stand judgment.
4
In return for my love they are my adversaries; But I am all prayer.
תַּחַת אַהֲבָתִי אוֹתְךָ יִשְׂטְנוּנִי:
Instead of my love for You, they hinder me.
וַאֲנִי תְפִלָּה. וַאֲנִי מִתְפַּלֵּל אֵלֶיךָ תָּמִיד (מצאתי):
but I am at prayer But I pray to You constantly. I found:
ה׳
וַיָּ֘שִׂ֤ימוּ עָלַ֣י רָ֭עָה תַּ֣חַת טוֹבָ֑ה וְ֝שִׂנְאָ֗ה תַּ֣חַת אַהֲבָתִֽי׃
5
They repay me with evil for good,
with hatred for my love.
5
And they have laid upon me evil for good, And hatred for my love:
רָעָה תַּחַת טוֹבָה. שִׁבְעִים פָּרִים אֲנִי מַקְרִיב בְּכָל שָׁנָה בִּשְׁבִיל שִׁבְעִים אֻמּוֹת, וּמְבַקֵּשׁ לִגְשָׁמִים, וְהֵם מְרֵיעִים לִי:
evil instead of good I sacrifice seventy bulls every year for the seventy nations, and we request rain, yet they harm us. Shocher Tov (109:4).
ו׳
הַפְקֵ֣ד עָלָ֣יו רָשָׁ֑ע וְ֝שָׂטָ֗ן יַעֲמֹ֥ד עַל־יְמִינֽוֹ׃
6
Appoint a wicked man over him;
may an accuser stand at his right side;
6
’Set Thou a wicked man over him; And let an adversary stand at his right hand.
ז׳
בְּ֭הִשָּׁ֣פְטוֹ יֵצֵ֣א רָשָׁ֑ע וּ֝תְפִלָּת֗וֹ תִּהְיֶ֥ה לַֽחֲטָאָֽה׃
7
may he be tried and convicted;
may he be judged and found guilty.
7
When he is judged, let him go forth condemned; And let his prayer be turned into sin.
בְּהִשָּׁפְטוֹ. לְפָנֶיךָ יֵצֵא מִדִּינְךָ מְחֻיָּב וְרָשָׁע:
When he is judged before You, may he emerge from Your judgment guilty and wicked.
ח׳
יִֽהְיֽוּ־יָמָ֥יו מְעַטִּ֑ים פְּ֝קֻדָּת֗וֹ יִקַּ֥ח אַחֵֽר׃
8
May his days be few;
may another take over his position.
8
Let his days be few; Let another take his charge.
פְּקֻדָּתוֹ. גְּדֻלָּתוֹ, פְּרוֹבוֹשְׁטִיאָ״ה בְּלַעַ״ז, כְּמוֹ ״וְיַפְקֵד הַמֶּלֶךְ פְּקִידִים״ (אסתר ב:ג):
his office of dignity Heb. פקדתו, his greatness, provostie or pruvote in Old French, like (Esther 2: 3): “And let the king appoint officers (פקידים).”
ט׳
יִֽהְיוּ־בָנָ֥יו יְתוֹמִ֑ים וְ֝אִשְׁתּוֹ אַלְמָנָֽה׃
9
May his children be orphans,
his wife a widow.
9
Let his children be fatherless, And his wife a widow.
י׳
וְנ֤וֹעַ יָנ֣וּעוּ בָנָ֣יו וְשִׁאֵ֑לוּ וְ֝דָרְשׁ֗וּ מֵחָרְבוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃
10
May his children wander from their hovels,
begging in search of [bread].
10
Let his children be vagabonds, and beg; And let them seek their bread out of their desolate places.
וְשִׁאֵלוּ וְדָרְשׁוּ מֵחָרְבוֹתֵיהֶם. הַכֹּל יִשְׁאֲלוּ עֲלֵיהֶם: מַה נִּהְיְתָה בִּפְלוֹנִי וּפְלוֹנִי? מִתּוֹךְ קוֹל חוּרְבָּה שֶׁיָּצָא עֲלֵיהֶם:
and [people] should ask and search from their ruins Everyone will ask about them, what happened to So-and-so and So-and-so, because of the rumor of ruin that emerged about them.
וְדָרְשׁוּ. מַשְׁמָע: מֵאֵת אֲחֵרִים, שֶׁהֲרֵי נָקוּד חֲטַף קָמַץ, וְכֵן וְשִׁאֵלוּ. מִפִּי אֲחֵרִים הוּא מַשְׁמָע, שֶׁיִּשְׁאֲלוּ אֲחֵרִים עֲלֵיהֶם. וְיֵשׁ לִפְתּוֹר וְשִׁאֵלוּ, מִמִּשְׁקַל חָזָק: יִהְיוּ מְשַׁאֲלִים עַל הַפְּתָחִים:
And “search” (וְדָרְשוּ) means from others, because it is vowelized with a short “kamatz,” and וְשִׁאֵלוּ also means from others, that others should ask about them. This can also be interpreted as וְשִׁאֵלוּ, of the intensive conjugation, meaning that they will go around by the doors [to beg for alms].
י"א
יְנַקֵּ֣שׁ נ֭וֹשֶׁה לְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֑וֹ וְיָבֹ֖זּוּ זָרִ֣ים יְגִיעֽוֹ׃
11
May his creditor seize all his possessions;
may strangers plunder his wealth.
11
Let the creditor distrain all that he hath; And let strangers make spoil of his labour.
יְנַקֵּשׁ נוֹשֶׁה לְכָל אֲשֶׁר לוֹ. אָדָם הַטּוֹרֵחַ מְחַזֵּר וְלָהוּט לַעֲשׂוֹת דָּבָר, נוֹפֵל בּוֹ לָשׁוֹן מִתְנַקֵּשׁ, כְּלוֹמַר: מֻטְרָף וּמִתְלַבֵּט, כְּמוֹ ״וְאַרְכֻּבָּתֵהּ דָּא לְדָא נָקְשָׁן״ (דניאל ה:ו), וְכֵן ״פֶּן תִּנָּקֵשׁ אַחֲרֵיהֶם״ (דברים יב:ל). אַף כָּאן יִהְיֶה הַנּוֹשֶׁה בְּעֵשָׂו אֶת עֲבוֹדָתוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״וְרַב יַעֲבֹד צָעִיר״ (בראשית כה:כג). לָשׁוֹן אַחֵר: יִהְיֶה הַנּוֹשֶׁה נוֹגֵעַ וְנִקְרָב לְכָל אֲשֶׁר לוֹ, יְנַקֵּשׁ שייטאצופי״ץ בְּלַעַ״ז. יְהִי מִשְׁפַּט הַנּוֹשֶׁה נוֹקֵשׁ וְנִשְׁעָן עַל כָּל מָמוֹנוֹ, וְזֶהוּ יַעֲקֹב הַנּוֹשֶׁה בְּעֵשָׂו אֶת עֲבוֹדָתוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״וְרַב יַעֲבֹד צָעִיר״ (בראשית כה:כג) מָצָאתִי:
May a creditor search out all he has Heb. ינקש. A person who toils and searches, and longs passionately to do something is described by the expression מִתְנַקֵשׁ, i.e., shaken and going from place to place, like (Dan. 5:6): “and his knees knocked (נקשן) against each other.”
י"ב
אַל־יְהִי־ל֭וֹ מֹשֵׁ֣ךְ חָ֑סֶד וְֽאַל־יְהִ֥י ח֝וֹנֵ֗ן לִיתוֹמָֽיו׃
12
May no one show him mercy;
may none pity his orphans;
12
Let there be none to extend kindness unto him; Neither let there be any to be gracious unto his fatherless children.
י"ג
יְהִֽי־אַחֲרִית֥וֹ לְהַכְרִ֑ית בְּד֥וֹר אַ֝חֵ֗ר יִמַּ֥ח שְׁמָֽם׃
13
may his posterity be cut off;
may their names be blotted out in the next generation.
13
Let his posterity be cut off; In the generation following let their name be blotted out.
בְּדוֹר אַחֵר. שֶׁיָּבֹא אַחַר כּוֹרְתוֹ, יִמַּח שְׁמוֹ וְטִבְעוֹ, שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ זִכָּרוֹן לֹא יִפֹּל עָלָיו בְּפִי הַדּוֹר הַנּוֹלָד בָּעוֹלָם לְאַחַר שֶׁנִּשְׁחַת שְׁמוֹ. שארטרמיר״א בְּלַעַ״ז:
in another generation that will come after his being cut off, his name and his fame will be blotted out so that not even a remembrance will remain of him in the mouth of the generation that is born in the world after his name will be destroyed, sa retremure in Old French, its extirpation.
י"ד
יִזָּכֵ֤ר ׀ עֲוֺ֣ן אֲ֭בֹתָיו אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה וְחַטַּ֥את אִ֝מּ֗וֹ אַל־תִּמָּֽח׃
14
May God be ever mindful of his father’s iniquity,
and may the sin of his mother not be blotted out.
14
Let the iniquity of his fathers be brought to remembrance unto the LORD; And let not the sin of his mother be blotted out.
עֲוֺן אֲבוֹתָיו. עָוֹן שֶׁהֶעֱוָה עַל אֲבוֹתָיו, לְאַבְרָהָם שֶׁגָּרַע חָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים מֵחַיָּיו (בראשית רבה סג,יב), וּלְאָבִיו גָּרַם כִּהְיוֹן עֵינַיִם (בראשית רבה סה,ד-ה):
the iniquity against his forefathers The iniquity that he sinned against his forebears, to Abraham, whose life he shortened by five years, and to his father he caused blindness.
וְחַטַּאת אִמּוֹ. שֶׁהִשְׁחִית רַחְמָהּ וְשֶׁגָּרַם לְהַעֲלִים יוֹם קְבוּרָתָהּ מִן הַבְּרִיּוֹת, שֶׁלֹּא יְקַלְלוּהָ שֶׁיָּצָא מִכְּרֵסָהּ עֵשָׂו, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית לה:ח) ״וַתָּמָת דְּבוֹרָה מֵינֶקֶת רִבְקָה וְגוֹמֵר אַלּוֹן בָּכוּת״, בִּלְשׁוֹן יְוָנִי קוֹרִין לְאַחֵר אַלּוֹן, שֶׁאֵבֶל אַחֵר הָיָה לְיַעֲקֹב עִם שֶׁל דְּבוֹרָה, שֶׁמֵּתָה אִמּוֹ וְהֶעֱלִימוּ מִיתָתָהּ:
and the sin against his mother that he destroyed her womb, and that he caused the day of her burial to be concealed from the people, lest they curse her for Esau emerged from her womb, as it is said (Gen. 35:8): “Deborah, Rebecca’s nurse, died...the Plain of Weeping.” In Greek, another is called “allon,” for Jacob had another mourning along with that of Deborah, for his mother died and they concealed her death.
ט"ו
יִהְי֣וּ נֶֽגֶד־יְהוָ֣ה תָּמִ֑יד וְיַכְרֵ֖ת מֵאֶ֣רֶץ זִכְרָֽם׃
15
May the LORD be aware of them always
and cause their names to be cut off from the earth,
15
Let them be before the LORD continually, That He may cut off the memory of them from the earth.
יִהְיוּ. הָעֲוֹנוֹת הָאֵלֶּה נֶגֶד ה׳ תָּמִיד:
May they be [May] these iniquities [be] before the Lord constantly.
וְיַכְרֵת מֵאֶרֶץ זִכְרָם. שֶׁל עֵשָׂו וְאַלּוּפָיו:
and may He cut off their remembrance from the earth [the remembrance] of Esau and his chieftains.
ט"ז
יַ֗עַן אֲשֶׁ֤ר ׀ לֹ֥א זָכַר֮ עֲשׂ֪וֹת חָ֥סֶד וַיִּרְדֹּ֡ף אִישׁ־עָנִ֣י וְ֭אֶבְיוֹן וְנִכְאֵ֨ה לֵבָ֬ב לְמוֹתֵֽת׃
16
because he was not minded to act kindly,
and hounded to death the poor and needy man,
one crushed in spirit.
16
Because that he remembered not to do kindness, But persecuted the poor and needy man, And the broken in heart he was ready to slay.
יַעַן אֲשֶׁר לֹא זָכַר עֲשׂוֹת חָסֶד. לַעֲסוֹק בְּאֵבֶל אָבִיו, כְּמוֹ שֶׁעָשָׂה יַעֲקֹב נְזִיד עֲדָשִׁים לְנַחֵם אֶת יִצְחָק (בראשית כה:כט), שֶׁבְּאוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם מֵת אַבְרָהָם (בבא בתרא טז:):
Because he did not remember to do kindness to engage in the mourning of his father, as Jacob had made a pottage of lentils to console Isaac, for on that day Abraham had died.
אִישׁ עָנִי. יִשְׂרָאֵל:
a poor...man Israel.
י"ז
וַיֶּאֱהַ֣ב קְ֭לָלָה וַתְּבוֹאֵ֑הוּ וְֽלֹא־חָפֵ֥ץ בִּ֝בְרָכָ֗ה וַתִּרְחַ֥ק מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃
17
He loved to curse—may a curse come upon him!
He would not bless—may blessing be far from him!
17
Yea, he loved cursing, and it came unto him; And he delighted not in blessing, and it is far from him.
וַיֶּאֱהַב קְלָלָה. קִלְלָתוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, שֶׁכָּפַר בּוֹ:
And he loved a curse [Esau loved] the curse of the Holy One, blessed be He, Whose existence he denied.
י"ח
וַיִּלְבַּ֥שׁ קְלָלָ֗ה כְּמַ֫דּ֥וֹ וַתָּבֹ֣א כַמַּ֣יִם בְּקִרְבּ֑וֹ וְ֝כַשֶּׁ֗מֶן בְּעַצְמוֹתָֽיו׃
18
May he be clothed in a curse like a garment,
may it enter his body like water,
his bones like oil.
18
He clothed himself also with cursing as with his raiment, And it is come into his inward parts like water, And like oil into his bones.
וַיִּלְבַּשׁ קְלָלָה. הִכְנִיס עַצְמוֹ בִּקְלָלָה, וְנוֹחָה לוֹ פְּרִיקַת עֹל הַקָּרְבָּן וּבִרְכַּת כֹּהֲנִים וְקִלְלַת הָאֻמּוֹת:
And he donned a curse He brought himself into a curse and was satisfied with breaking off the yoke of the sacrifice and the priestly blessing and the curse of the heathens.
י"ט
תְּהִי־ל֭וֹ כְּבֶ֣גֶד יַעְטֶ֑ה וּ֝לְמֵ֗זַח תָּמִ֥יד יַחְגְּרֶֽהָ׃
19
Let it be like the cloak he wraps around him,
like the belt he always wears.
19
Let it be unto him as the garment which he putteth on, And for the girdle wherewith he is girded continually.'
תְּהִי לוֹ. הַקְּלָלָה מַעֲטֶה כְּבֶגֶד (מצאתי):
May it be to him [May] the curse [be to him] as an envelopment like a garment. [This] I found.
וּלְמֵזַח תָּמִיד. חֲגוֹרָה, וְכֵן ״וּמְזִיחַ אֲפִיקִים רִפָּה״ (איוב יב:כא) אֵזוֹר הַחֲזָקִים פִּתֵּחַ:
and as a girdle...constantly Heb. ולמזח, a girdle, and so, (Job 12:21): “and loosens the belt (מזיח) of the strong.” He loosens the belt of the strong.
כ׳
זֹ֤את פְּעֻלַּ֣ת שֹׂ֭טְנַי מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה וְהַדֹּבְרִ֥ים רָ֝֗ע עַל־נַפְשִֽׁי׃
20
May the LORD thus repay my accusers,
all those who speak evil against me.
20
This would mine adversaries effect from the LORD, And they that speak evil against my soul.
כ"א
וְאַתָּ֤ה ׀ יְה֘וִ֤ה אֲדֹנָ֗י עֲֽשֵׂה־אִ֭תִּי לְמַ֣עַן שְׁמֶ֑ךָ כִּי־ט֥וֹב חַ֝סְדְּךָ֗ הַצִּילֵֽנִי׃
21
Now You, O God, my Lord,
act on my behalf as befits Your name.
Good and faithful as You are, save me.
21
But Thou, O GOD the Lord, deal with me for Thy name's sake; Because Thy mercy is good, deliver Thou me.
כ"ב
כִּֽי־עָנִ֣י וְאֶבְי֣וֹן אָנֹ֑כִי וְ֝לִבִּ֗י חָלַ֥ל בְּקִרְבִּֽי׃
22
For I am poor and needy,
and my heart is pierced within me.
22
For I am poor and needy, And my heart is wounded within me.
כ"ג
כְּצֵל־כִּנְטוֹת֥וֹ נֶהֱלָ֑כְתִּי נִ֝נְעַ֗רְתִּי כָּֽאַרְבֶּֽה׃
23
I fade away like a lengthening shadow;
I am shaken off like locusts.
23
I am gone like the shadow when it lengtheneth; I am shaken off as the locust.
כְּצֵל כִּנְטוֹתוֹ. לְעֵת עֶרֶב:
Like a shadow when it lengthens at eventide.
נִנְעַרְתִּי. לְשׁוֹן תִּשְׁנוֹק וְטֵרוּף וְאֹטֶם כָּאַרְבֶּה שֶׁהוּא נוֹדֵד וְנָע וּמְטֹרָף (ירושלמי ברכות ד.) (מצאתי):
I was stirred up an expression of stirring and mixing and astonishment, like a locust, which wanders to and fro and is stirred up. [This] I found:
כ"ד
בִּ֭רְכַּי כָּשְׁל֣וּ מִצּ֑וֹם וּ֝בְשָׂרִ֗י כָּחַ֥שׁ מִשָּֽׁמֶן׃
24
My knees give way from fasting;
my flesh is lean, has lost its fat.
24
My knees totter through fasting; And my flesh is lean, and hath no fatness.
כ"ה
וַאֲנִ֤י ׀ הָיִ֣יתִי חֶרְפָּ֣ה לָהֶ֑ם יִ֝רְא֗וּנִי יְנִיע֥וּן רֹאשָֽׁם׃
25
I am the object of their scorn;
when they see me, they shake their head.
25
I am become also a taunt unto them; When they see me, they shake their head.
כ"ו
עָ֭זְרֵנִי יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑י ה֭וֹשִׁיעֵ֣נִי כְחַסְדֶּֽךָ׃
26
Help me, O LORD, my God;
save me in accord with Your faithfulness,
26
Help me, O LORD my God; O save me according to Thy mercy;
כ"ז
וְֽ֭יֵדְעוּ כִּי־יָ֣דְךָ זֹּ֑את אַתָּ֖ה יְהוָ֣ה עֲשִׂיתָֽהּ׃
27
that men may know that it is Your hand,
that You, O LORD, have done it.
27
That they may know that this is Thy hand; That Thou, LORD, hast done it.
כ"ח
יְקַֽלְלוּ־הֵמָּה֮ וְאַתָּ֪ה תְבָ֫רֵ֥ךְ קָ֤מוּ ׀ וַיֵּבֹ֗שׁוּ וְֽעַבְדְּךָ֥ יִשְׂמָֽח׃
28
Let them curse, but You bless;
let them rise up, but come to grief,
while Your servant rejoices.
28
Let them curse, but bless Thou; When they arise, they shall be put to shame, but Thy servant shall rejoice.
כ"ט
יִלְבְּשׁ֣וּ שׂוֹטְנַ֣י כְּלִמָּ֑ה וְיַעֲט֖וּ כַמְעִ֣יל בָּשְׁתָּֽם׃
29
My accusers shall be clothed in shame,
wrapped in their disgrace as in a robe.
29
Mine adversaries shall be clothed with confusion, And shall put on their own shame as a robe.
וְיַעֲטוּ כַמְעִיל. הָעוֹטֶה וְעוֹטֵף כָּל הַגּוּף לְכָל לְבוּשׁ:
and enwrap themselves...like a cloak which enwraps and envelops the entire body.
ל׳
א֘וֹדֶ֤ה יְהוָ֣ה מְאֹ֣ד בְּפִ֑י וּבְת֖וֹךְ רַבִּ֣ים אֲהַֽלְלֶֽנּוּ׃
30
My mouth shall sing much praise to the LORD;
I will acclaim Him in the midst of a throng,
30
I will give great thanks unto the LORD with my mouth; Yea, I will praise Him among the multitude;
ל"א
כִּֽי־יַ֭עֲמֹד לִימִ֣ין אֶבְי֑וֹן לְ֝הוֹשִׁ֗יעַ מִשֹּׁפְטֵ֥י נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃
31
because He stands at the right hand of the needy,
to save him from those who would condemn him.
31
Because He standeth at the right hand of the needy, To save him from them that judge his soul.