א׳
לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ אַל־תַּשְׁחֵ֑ת מִזְמ֖וֹר לְאָסָ֣ף שִֽׁיר׃
1
For the leader; al tashḥeth.
A psalm of Asaph, a song.
1
For the Leader; Al-tashheth. A Psalm of Asaph, a Song.
אַל תַּשְׁחֵת. אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל (שו״ט עה:א):
al tashcheth [lit. do not destroy] Israel.
ב׳
ה֘וֹדִ֤ינוּ לְּךָ֨ ׀ אֱֽלֹהִ֗ים ה֭וֹדִינוּ וְקָר֣וֹב שְׁמֶ֑ךָ סִ֝פְּר֗וּ נִפְלְאוֹתֶֽיךָ׃
2
We praise You, O God;
we praise You;
Your presence is near;
men tell of Your wondrous deeds.
2
We give thanks unto Thee, O God, We give thanks, and Thy name is near; Men tell of Thy wondrous works.
הוֹדִינוּ לְךָ אֱלֹהִים. עַל הַטּוֹבָה הוֹדִינוּ אַף עַל הָרָעָה, וְקָרוֹב בְּפִינוּ שִׁמְךָ תָּמִיד (ברכות נד.):
We have thanked You, O God for the good; we have thanked also for the evil. and...is near Your name is always near in our mouth.
סִפְּרוּ. דּוֹרוֹתֵינוּ נִפְלְאוֹתֶיךָ תָּמִיד:
they have told Our generations [have] constantly [told] Your wonders.
ג׳
כִּ֭י אֶקַּ֣ח מוֹעֵ֑ד אֲ֝נִ֗י מֵישָׁרִ֥ים אֶשְׁפֹּֽט׃
3
“At the time I choose,
I will give judgment equitably.
3
'When I take the appointed time, I Myself will judge with equity.
כִּי אֶקַּח מוֹעֵד. כְּשֶׁיֵּשׁ לָנוּ יוֹם טוֹב, אֵין אָנוּ עֲסוּקִים בְּנִבּוּל פֶּה וְקַלּוּת רֹאשׁ:
When I take a festive day When we have a festival, we do not engage in obscenity and levity, as [do] all the nations.
אֲנִי מֵישָׁרִים אֶשְׁפֹּט. אָנוּ נוֹתְנִין אֶל לִבֵּנוּ לְהַלֶּלְךָ וּלְשַׁבֵּחֲךָ מֵעֵין הַמְּאֹרָע לַיּוֹם:
I shall judge with fairness We take it to our heart to praise You and laud You according to the incident of that day.
ד׳
נְֽמֹגִ֗ים אֶ֥רֶץ וְכָל־יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ אָנֹכִ֨י תִכַּ֖נְתִּי עַמּוּדֶ֣יהָ סֶּֽלָה׃
4
Earth and all its inhabitants dissolve;
it is I who keep its pillars firm. Selah.
4
When the earth and all the inhabitants thereof are dissolved, I Myself establish the pillars of it.' Selah
נְמוֹגִים אֶרֶץ וְכָל יוֹשְׁבֶיהָ וְגוֹ׳. בְּיוֹם מַתַּן תּוֹרָה, כְּשֶׁהָיוּ נְמוֹגִים הָאָרֶץ וְכָל יוֹשְׁבֶיהָ מִתְּנַאי שֶׁהִתְנֵיתָ עִם מַעֲשֵׂה בְרֵאשִׁית (שבת פח.): אִם לֹא יְקַבְּלוּ וְכוּ׳ תַּחְזְרוּ לְתֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ:
When the earth and all its inhabitants were melting away, etc. On the day of the giving of the Torah, when the earth and all its inhabitants were melting away because of the condition You made with the Creation: that if Israel did not accept the Torah, you would return it [the earth] to void and chaos.
תִּכַּנְתִּי עַמּוּדֶיהָ. כְּשֶׁאָמַרְתִּי: ״נַעֲשֶׂה וְנִשְׁמַע״ (שמות כד:ז):
I Your people, Israel. established its pillars when I said, “We will do and we will hear.”
ה׳
אָמַ֣רְתִּי לַֽ֭הוֹלְלִים אַל־תָּהֹ֑לּוּ וְ֝לָרְשָׁעִ֗ים אַל־תָּרִ֥ימוּ קָֽרֶן׃
5
To wanton men I say, ‘Do not be wanton!’
to the wicked, ‘Do not lift up your horns!’”
5
I say unto the arrogant 'Deal not arrogantly'; And to the wicked 'Lift not up the horn.'
לַהוֹלְלִים. לָרְשָׁעִים הַמְעַרְבְּבִים אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל:
to the perverse To the wicked, who confuse Israel.
ו׳
אַל־תָּרִ֣ימוּ לַמָּר֣וֹם קַרְנְכֶ֑ם תְּדַבְּר֖וּ בְצַוָּ֣אר עָתָֽק׃
6
Do not lift your horns up high
in vainglorious bluster.
6
Lift not up your horn on high; Speak not insolence with a haughty neck.
ז׳
כִּ֤י לֹ֣א מִ֭מּוֹצָא וּמִֽמַּעֲרָ֑ב וְ֝לֹ֗א מִמִּדְבַּ֥ר הָרִֽים׃
7
For what lifts a man comes not from the east
or the west or the wilderness;
7
For neither from the east, nor from the west, Nor yet from the wilderness, cometh lifting up.
כִּי לֹא מִמּוֹצָא. הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ וּמִמַּעֲרָבוֹ, וְלֹא מִן הַמִּדְבָּרוֹת שֶׁאַתֶּם מְפָרְשִׂים בְּשַׁיָּרָא לְהַרְבּוֹת מָמוֹן, לֹא בְכָל אֵלֶּה לְהָרִים קֶרֶן:
For it is not from the east of the sun or from its setting, and not from the deserts where you embark on a journey by caravan to increase [your] property; there is no power in any of these to raise [your] horn.
ח׳
כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֥ים שֹׁפֵ֑ט זֶ֥ה יַ֝שְׁפִּ֗יל וְזֶ֣ה יָרִֽים׃
8
for God it is who gives judgment;
He brings down one man, He lifts up another.
8
For God is judge; He putteth down one, and lifteth up another.
כִּי אֱלֹהִים שׁוֹפֵט. עַל כָּל הָרָעָה שֶׁעֲשִׂיתֶם:
But God judges [you] for all the evil that you have done.
זֶה יַשְׁפִּיל וְזֶה יָרִים. הַגְּבוֹהִים יַשְׁפִּיל וְהַנְּמוּכִים יָרִים (תנחומא, מטות ט):
He humbles this one and elevated that one The elevated one He lowers, and the lowly He elevates.
ט׳
כִּ֤י כ֪וֹס בְּֽיַד־יְהוָ֡ה וְיַ֤יִן חָמַ֨ר ׀ מָ֥לֵא מֶסֶךְ֮ וַיַּגֵּ֪ר מִ֫זֶּ֥ה אַךְ־שְׁ֭מָרֶיהָ יִמְצ֣וּ יִשְׁתּ֑וּ כֹּ֝֗ל רִשְׁעֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃
9
There is a cup in the LORD’s hand
with foaming wine fully mixed;
from this He pours;
all the wicked of the earth drink,
draining it to the very dregs.
9
For in the hand of the LORD there is a cup, with foaming wine, full of mixture, And He poureth out of the same; Surely the dregs thereof, all the wicked of the earth shall drain them, and drink them.
כִּי כוֹס. הַתַּרְעֵלָה בְּיָדוֹ:
For a cup of weakness is in His hand.
וְיַיִן חָמַר. חָזָק, וִינוֹ״שׁ בְּלַעַ״ז:
and strong wine Heb. חמר, strong. Vinos, or vinose, in Old French.
מָלֵא מֶסֶךְ. הַכּוֹס מָלֵא מֶזֶג, לִמְזֹג וּלְהַשְׁקוֹת אֶת כָּל הַגּוֹיִם:
a full mixture The cup is full of a mixture, to mix and give all the nations to drink.
וַיַּגֵּר מִזֶּה. מִזֶּה הַכּוֹס יָפִיץ וְיִקְלַח אֶת מִשְׁתֵּיהֶם, לְשׁוֹן ״כְּמַיִם מֻגָּרִים״ (מיכה א:ד):
and He pours out of this Out of this cup, He will pour and cause to gush forth their drinks, an expression of (Micah 1:4): “as water poured (מגרים) down a steep place.”
י׳
וַ֭אֲנִי אַגִּ֣יד לְעֹלָ֑ם אֲ֝זַמְּרָ֗ה לֵאלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב׃
10
As for me, I will declare forever,
I will sing a hymn to the God of Jacob.
10
But as for me, I will declare for ever, I will sing praises to the God of Jacob.
וַאֲנִי אַגִּיד לְעוֹלָם. מֵאָז וָהָלְאָה, אֶת נִקְמָתוֹ וּגְבוּרָתוֹ:
And I shall recite forever From then on, [I will recite] His vengeance and His might.
י"א
וְכָל־קַרְנֵ֣י רְשָׁעִ֣ים אֲגַדֵּ֑עַ תְּ֝רוֹמַ֗מְנָה קַֽרְנ֥וֹת צַדִּֽיק׃
11
“All the horns of the wicked I will cut;
but the horns of the righteous shall be lifted up.”
11
All the horns of the wicked also will I cut off; But the horns of the righteous shall be lifted up.
וְכָל קַרְנֵי רְשָׁעִים. שֶׁל עֲמָלֶק:
And all the horns of the wicked of Esau.
אֲגַדֵּעַ. כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יחזקאל כה:יד) ״וְנָתַתִּי אֶת נִקְמָתִי בֶאֱדוֹם בְּיַד עַמִּי יִשְׂרָאֵל, יִשְׂרָאֵל יְגַדְּעוּ קֶרֶן עֲמָלֵק וְגוֹ׳״, וְאָז תְּרוֹמַמְנָה קַרְנוֹת צַדִּיק שֶׁל עוֹלָם יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁהֵם שִׁבְחוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא:
I shall cut off As the matter that is stated (Ezek. 29: 14): “And I shall lay My vengeance against Edom by the hand of My people, Israel.” They will cut off the horn of Esau (the enemy), and then the horns of the Righteous One of the world—Israel, who are the praise of the Holy One, blessed be Hewill be upraised.