א׳
לַ֭מְנַצֵּחַ עַל־אַיֶּ֥לֶת הַשַּׁ֗חַר מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃
1
For the leader; on ayyeleth ha-shaḥar. A psalm of David.
1
For the Leader; upon Aijeleth ha-Shahar. A Psalm of David.
אַיֶּלֶת הַשַּׁחַר. שֵׁם כְּלִי שִׁיר. דָּבָר אַחֵר: עַל כְּנֶסֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁהִיא ״אַיֶּלֶת אֲהָבִים״ (משלי ה:יט) ״הַנִּשְׁקָפָה כְּמוֹ שַׁחַר״ (שיר השירים ו:י); וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ (מגילה טו:) דְּרָשׁוּהוּ בְּאֶסְתֵּר. וּמְנַחֵם פָּתַר אַיֶּלֶת – לְשׁוֹן מָעוֹז, כְּמוֹ אֱיָלוּתִי לְעֶזְרָתִי חוּשָׁה:
ayeleth hashachar The name of a musical instrument. Another explanation: Concerning the nation of Israel, which is a beloved hind (אילת אהבים), who looks forth like the dawn (שחר) (Song 6:10). Our Sages, however, interpreted it as referring to Esther (Mid. Ps. 22:1, Meg. 15b). Menachem (p. 22) interprets אילת as an expression of strength, as (verse 20): “My strength (אילותי), hasten to my assistance.”
הַשָּׁחַר. לְשׁוֹן שַׁחֲרִית, וּמְנַחֵם פָּתַר לְשׁוֹן בִּקּוּר, כְּמוֹ ״שֹׁחֵר טוֹב יְבַקֵּשׁ רָצוֹן״ (משלי יא:כז), וּכְמוֹ ״לְשַׁחֵר פָּנֶיךָ״ (משלי ז:טו):
השחר is an expression of dawn, but Menachem (p. 172) interprets it as an expression of seeking, as (in Prov. 11:27): “He who desires (שֹׁחֵר) good etc.” and as (ibid. 7:15) “to look (לשחר) for you.”
ב׳
אֵלִ֣י אֵ֭לִי לָמָ֣ה עֲזַבְתָּ֑נִי רָח֥וֹק מִֽ֝ישׁוּעָתִ֗י דִּבְרֵ֥י שַׁאֲגָתִֽי׃
2
My God, my God,
why have You abandoned me;
why so far from delivering me
and from my anguished roaring?
2
My God, my God, why hast Thou forsaken me, and art far from my help at the words of my cry?
לָמָּה עֲזַבְתָּנִי. עֲתִידָה הִיא לָלֶכֶת בַּגּוֹלָה, וְאָמַר דָּוִד תְּפִלָּה זוֹ עַל הֶעָתִיד:
why have You forsaken me? They are destined to go into exile, and David recited this prayer for the future.
רָחוֹק מִישׁוּעָתִי. וּמִדִּבְרֵי שַׁאֲגָתִי:
far from my salvation and from the words of my moaning.
ג׳
אֱֽלֹהַ֗י אֶקְרָ֣א י֭וֹמָם וְלֹ֣א תַעֲנֶ֑ה וְ֝לַ֗יְלָה וְֽלֹא־דֽוּמִיָּ֥ה לִֽי׃
3
My God,
I cry by day—You answer not;
by night, and have no respite.
3
O my God, I call by day, but Thou answerest not; and at night, and there is no surcease for me.
אֶקְרָא יוֹמָם. אֲנִי קוֹרֵא לְךָ מִיּוֹם אֶל יוֹם, וְאֵינְךָ עוֹנֶה:
I call out by day I call out to You every day, and You do not answer.
ד׳
וְאַתָּ֥ה קָד֑וֹשׁ י֝וֹשֵׁ֗ב תְּהִלּ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
4
But You are the Holy One,
enthroned,
the Praise of Israel.
4
Yet Thou art holy, O Thou that art enthroned upon the praises of Israel.
וְאַתָּה קָדוֹשׁ. וְיוֹשֵׁב לִשְׁמֹעַ תְּהִלּוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל מִיָּמִים קַדְמוֹנִים:
But You are holy and You wait to hear the praises of Israel from time immemorial.
ה׳
בְּ֭ךָ בָּטְח֣וּ אֲבֹתֵ֑ינוּ בָּ֝טְח֗וּ וַֽתְּפַלְּטֵֽמוֹ׃
5
In You our fathers trusted;
they trusted, and You rescued them.
5
In Thee did our fathers trust; they trusted, and Thou didst deliver them.
ו׳
אֵלֶ֣יךָ זָעֲק֣וּ וְנִמְלָ֑טוּ בְּךָ֖ בָטְח֣וּ וְלֹא־בֽוֹשׁוּ׃
6
To You they cried out
and they escaped;
in You they trusted
and were not disappointed.
6
Unto Thee they cried, and escaped; in Thee did they trust, and were not ashamed.
ז׳
וְאָנֹכִ֣י תוֹלַ֣עַת וְלֹא־אִ֑ישׁ חֶרְפַּ֥ת אָ֝דָ֗ם וּבְז֥וּי עָֽם׃
7
But I am a worm, less than human;
scorned by men, despised by people.
7
But I am a worm, and no man; a reproach of men, and despised of the people.
וְאָנֹכִי תוֹלַעַת. כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל מְכַנֶּה כְּאִישׁ אֶחָד:
But I am a worm He refers to all Israel as one man.
ח׳
כָּל־רֹ֭אַי יַלְעִ֣גוּ לִ֑י יַפְטִ֥ירוּ בְ֝שָׂפָ֗ה יָנִ֥יעוּ רֹֽאשׁ׃
8
All who see me mock me;
they curl their lips,
they shake their heads.
8
All they that see me laugh me to scorn; they shoot out the lip, they shake the head:
יַפְטִירוּ. יִפְתְּחוּ, כְּמוֹ פֶּטֶר רֶחֶם וּפֶטֶר חֲמוֹר (שמות יג:יב), ״פּוֹטֵר מַיִם״ (משלי יז:יד):
they will open Heb. יפטירו, they open, as (in Exod. 13:12, 13): “all that open (פטר) the womb,...and firstling (ופטר) of a donkey.” [Also] (in Prov. 17: 14): “like letting out (פוטר) water.”
ט׳
גֹּ֣ל אֶל־יְהוָ֣ה יְפַלְּטֵ֑הוּ יַ֝צִּילֵ֗הוּ כִּ֘י חָ֥פֵֽץ בּֽוֹ׃
9
“Let him commit himself to the LORD;
let Him rescue him,
let Him save him,
for He is pleased with him.”
9
'Let him commit himself unto the LORD! let Him rescue him; let Him deliver him, seeing He delighteth in him.'
גֹּל אֶל ה׳. כְּמוֹ לָגוֹל, יֵשׁ לָאָדָם לְגוֹלֵל יְהָבוֹ וּמַשָּׂאוֹ לְיוֹצְרוֹ לְמַעַן יְפַלְּטֵהוּ:
One should cast his trust upon the Lord Heb. גֹּל like לגל, lit. to roll. A person should roll his burden and his load upon His Creator so that He rescue him.
י׳
כִּֽי־אַתָּ֣ה גֹחִ֣י מִבָּ֑טֶן מַ֝בְטִיחִ֗י עַל־שְׁדֵ֥י אִמִּֽי׃
10
You drew me from the womb,
made me secure at my mother’s breast.
10
For Thou art He that took me out of the womb; Thou madest me trust when I was upon my mother's breasts.
גּוֹחִי. מוֹצִיאִי מוֹשְׁכִי, כְּמוֹ ״יָגִיחַ יַרְדֵּן אֶל פִּיהוּ״ (איוב מ:כג):
drew me Heb. גחי, who took me out and drew me out, as (in Job 40:23): “he will draw (יגיח) the Jordan into his mouth.”
מַבְטִיחִי עַל שְׁדֵי אִמִּי. זִמַּנְתָּ לָאָדָם שָׁדַיִם לִישָּׁעֵן עֲלֵיהֶם לְמִחְיָה:
You made me secure on my mother’s breast You prepared breasts for a person, upon which to rely for sustenance.
י"א
עָ֭לֶיךָ הָשְׁלַ֣כְתִּי מֵרָ֑חֶם מִבֶּ֥טֶן אִ֝מִּ֗י אֵ֣לִי אָֽתָּה׃
11
I became Your charge at birth;
from my mother’s womb You have been my God.
11
Upon Thee I have been cast from my birth; Thou art my God from my mother's womb.
עָלֶיךָ הָשְׁלַכְתִּי מֵרָחֶם. נִשְׁלַכְתִּי מֵרֶחֶם מֵאָז הוֹצֵאתַנִי מֵרֶחֶם, כְּמָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (ישעיהו מו:ג) ״עֲמוּסִים מִנִּי בֶטֶן״ – מֵאָז נוֹלְדוּ הַשְּׁבָטִים נְשָׂאָם וְנִהֲלָם:
Upon You, I was cast from birth I was cast from birth since You took me out of the womb, as Scripture states (in Isa. 46:3): “who are carried from birth.” From the time the tribes were born, He carried them and led them.
י"ב
אַל־תִּרְחַ֣ק מִ֭מֶּנִּי כִּי־צָרָ֣ה קְרוֹבָ֑ה כִּי־אֵ֥ין עוֹזֵֽר׃
12
Do not be far from me,
for trouble is near,
and there is none to help.
12
Be not far from me; for trouble is near; for there is none to help.
י"ג
סְ֭בָבוּנִי פָּרִ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים אַבִּירֵ֖י בָשָׁ֣ן כִּתְּרֽוּנִי׃
13
Many bulls surround me,
mighty ones of Bashan encircle me.
13
Many bulls have encompassed me; strong bulls of Bashan have beset me round.
פָּרִים רַבִּים. מַלְכֻיּוֹת חֲזָקִים:
Great bulls Mighty kingdoms.
אַבִּירֵי בָשָׁן. גַּם הוּא לְשׁוֹן פָּרִים בַּבָּשָׁן, שֶׁהֵם שְׁמֵנִים:
the mighty ones of Bashan That too is an expression of the bulls of Bashan, which are fat.
כִּתְּרוּנִי. סְבָבוּנִי כְּכֶתֶר הַמַּקֶּפֶת אֶת הָרֹאשׁ:
encompassed me Heb. כתרוני. They encompassed me like a crown (כתר), which encompasses the head.
י"ד
פָּצ֣וּ עָלַ֣י פִּיהֶ֑ם אַ֝רְיֵ֗ה טֹרֵ֥ף וְשֹׁאֵֽג׃
14
They open their mouths at me
like tearing, roaring lions.
14
They open wide their mouth against me, as a ravening and a roaring lion.
אַרְיֵה טֹרֵף. נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר (מגילה יא.):
a tearing lion Nebuchadnezzar.
ט"ו
כַּמַּ֥יִם נִשְׁפַּכְתִּי֮ וְהִתְפָּֽרְד֗וּ כָּֽל־עַצְמ֫וֹתָ֥י הָיָ֣ה לִ֭בִּי כַּדּוֹנָ֑ג נָ֝מֵ֗ס בְּת֣וֹךְ מֵעָֽי׃
15
My life ebbs away:
all my bones are disjointed;
my heart is like wax,
melting within me;
15
I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint; my heart is become like wax; it is melted in mine inmost parts.
כַּדּוֹנָג. שַׁעֲוָה הַנִּמּוֹחָה מֵחוֹם הָאֵשׁ:
like wax Wax, which melts from the heat of the fire.
ט"ז
יָ֘בֵ֤שׁ כַּחֶ֨רֶשׂ ׀ כֹּחִ֗י וּ֭לְשׁוֹנִי מֻדְבָּ֣ק מַלְקוֹחָ֑י וְֽלַעֲפַר־מָ֥וֶת תִּשְׁפְּתֵֽנִי׃
16
my vigor dries up like a shard;
my tongue cleaves to my palate;
You commit me to the dust of death.
16
My strength is dried up like a potsherd; and my tongue cleaveth to my throat; and Thou layest me in the dust of death.
מַלְקוֹחָי. הֵם הַחֲנִיכַיִם שֶׁקּוֹרִין פאליי״ש בְּלַעַ״ז, כְּשֶׁאָדָם מֵיצֵר אֵין רוֹק מָצוּי בְּפִיו. וּמְנַחֵם פֵּתַר מַלְקוֹחָי אנטיילא״ש בְּלַעַ״ז, כְּמוֹ ״בַּמֶּלְקָחַיִם לָקַח״ (ישעיה ו:ו) וְהַמַּלְקוֹחַ הֵן הַשִּׁנַּיִם אֲשֶׁר דּוֹמוֹת לְמַלְקְחֵי חָרָשִׁים (ס״א אינו):
my palate Heb. מלקוחי. This is the palate which is called palayc (palais) in Old French, gaumen in German. When a person is distressed, he has no saliva in his mouth. Menachem, however, interprets מלקוחי as etenayles in Old French (tongs), like (Isa. 6:6): “with tongs (במלקחים) he had taken it.” And the מלקוח is the teeth, which resemble a smith’s tongs. (The quotation from Menachem appears only in the Salonika edition of Rashi printed in 1515.)
וְלַעֲפַר מָוֶת. לְדַכְּאוֹת מִיתָה:
and in the dust of death To the crushing of death.
תִּשְׁפְּתֵנִי. אַתָּה תּוֹשִׁיבֵנִי, לְשׁוֹן שְׁפִיתַת קְדֵרָה, ״שְׁפֹת הַסִּיר״ (יחזקאל כד:ג), וּמְנַחֵם פָּתַר כָּל לְשׁוֹן שְׁפִיתָה לְשׁוֹן שִׂימָה:
You set me down Heb. תשפתני You set me down, an expression of setting a pot, as (in Ezek. 24:3, II Kings 4:38): “set on (שפת) the pot.” Menachem (p.179) interprets every expression of שפיתה as an expression of placing.
י"ז
כִּ֥י סְבָב֗וּנִי כְּלָ֫בִ֥ים עֲדַ֣ת מְ֭רֵעִים הִקִּיפ֑וּנִי כָּ֝אֲרִ֗י יָדַ֥י וְרַגְלָֽי׃
17
Dogs surround me;
a pack of evil ones closes in on me,
like lions [they maul] my hands and feet.
17
For dogs have encompassed me; a company of evil-doers have inclosed me; like a lion, they are at my hands and my feet.
כָּאֲרִי יָדַי וְרַגְלָי. כְּאִלּוּ הֵם מְדֻכָּאִים בְּפִי אֲרִי, וְכֵן אָמַר חִזְקִיָּה ״כָּאֲרִי כֵּן יְשַׁבֵּר כָּל עַצְמוֹתַי״ (ישעיהו לח:יג):
like a lion, my hands and feet As though they are crushed in a lion’s mouth, and so did Hezekiah say (in Isa. 38:13): “like a lion, so it would break all my bones.”
י"ח
אֲסַפֵּ֥ר כָּל־עַצְמוֹתָ֑י הֵ֥מָּה יַ֝בִּ֗יטוּ יִרְאוּ־בִֽי׃
18
I take the count of all my bones
while they look on and gloat.
18
I may count all my bones; they look and gloat over me.
אֲסַפֵּר כָּל עַצְמוֹתָי. כְּאֵב עֲצָמַי:
I tell about all my bones The pain of my bones.
הֵמָּה יַבִּיטוּ. שְׂמֵחִים לְאֵידִי:
They look They rejoice at my misfortune.
י"ט
יְחַלְּק֣וּ בְגָדַ֣י לָהֶ֑ם וְעַל־לְ֝בוּשִׁ֗י יַפִּ֥ילוּ גוֹרָֽל׃
19
They divide my clothes among themselves,
casting lots for my garments.
19
They part my garments among them, and for my vesture do they cast lots.
וְעַל לְבוּשִׁי יַפִּילוּ גוֹרָל. בּוֹזְזִים אֶת נְכָסַי:
and cast lots for my raiment They plunder our property.
כ׳
וְאַתָּ֣ה יְ֭הוָה אַל־תִּרְחָ֑ק אֱ֝יָלוּתִ֗י לְעֶזְרָ֥תִי חֽוּשָׁה׃
20
But You, O LORD, be not far off;
my strength, hasten to my aid.
20
But Thou, O LORD, be not far off; O Thou my strength, hasten to help me.
אֱיָלוּתִי. כֹּחִי, כְּמוֹ ״הָיִיתִי כְּגֶבֶר אֵין אַיָּל״ (תהלים פח:ה), וּכְמוֹ ״יֵשׁ לְאֵל יָדִי״ (בראשית לא:כט):
my strength Heb. אילותי, my strength, as (below 88:5): “I was as a man without strength (איל),” and as (Gen. 31:29): “It is within the power (לאל) of my hand.”
כ"א
הַצִּ֣ילָה מֵחֶ֣רֶב נַפְשִׁ֑י מִיַּד־כֶּ֝֗לֶב יְחִידָתִֽי׃
21
Save my life from the sword,
my precious life from the clutches of a dog.
21
Deliver my soul from the sword; mine only one from the power of the dog.
כ"ב
ה֭וֹשִׁיעֵנִי מִפִּ֣י אַרְיֵ֑ה וּמִקַּרְנֵ֖י רֵמִ֣ים עֲנִיתָֽנִי׃
22
Deliver me from a lion’s mouth;
from the horns of wild oxen rescue me.
22
Save me from the lion's mouth; yea, from the horns of the wild-oxen do Thou answer me.
הוֹשִׁיעֵנִי מִפִּי אַרְיֵה. כַּאֲשֶׁר מִקַּרְנֵי רֵאמִים עֲנִיתָנִי, זֶה הָאֱמוֹרִי, אֲשֶׁר ״כְּגֹבַהּ אֲרָזִים גָּבְהוֹ״ (עמוס ב:ט) שְׁלֹשִׁים וְאֶחָד מְלָכִים (יהושע יב:ט-כד):
Save me from the lion’s mouth as You answered me from the horns of the wild oxen. This is the Amorite, “whose height is as the height of the cedar trees” (Amos 2:9); the thirty-one kings.
כ"ג
אֲסַפְּרָ֣ה שִׁמְךָ֣ לְאֶחָ֑י בְּת֖וֹךְ קָהָ֣ל אֲהַלְלֶֽךָּ׃
23
Then will I proclaim Your fame to my brethren,
praise You in the congregation.
23
I will declare Thy name unto my brethren; in the midst of the congregation will I praise Thee.
אֲסַפְּרָה שִׁמְךָ לְאֶחָי. בְּהִתְאַסֵּף כָּל כְּנֵסִיּוֹתַי, וְכֵן אוֹמֵר לָהֶם: יִרְאֵי ה׳ הַלְלוּהוּ. אֵלּוּ הַגֵּרִים (תהלים כב:כט), וְכָל זֶרַע יַעֲקֹב:
I will tell Your name to my brothers when any of my assemblies gathers, and so I will say to them, “You who fear the Lord, praise Him.” This refers to the proselytes, and “all the seed of Jacob.”
כ"ד
יִרְאֵ֤י יְהוָ֨ה ׀ הַֽלְל֗וּהוּ כָּל־זֶ֣רַע יַעֲקֹ֣ב כַּבְּד֑וּהוּ וְג֥וּרוּ מִ֝מֶּ֗נּוּ כָּל־זֶ֥רַע יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
24
You who fear the LORD, praise Him!
All you offspring of Jacob, honor Him!
Be in dread of Him, all you offspring of Israel!
24
'Ye that fear the LORD, praise Him; all ye the seed of Jacob, glorify Him; and stand in awe of Him, all ye the seed of Israel.
וְגוּרוּ. לְשׁוֹן יִרְאָה:
and fear Heb. וגורו, an expression of fear.
כ"ה
כִּ֤י לֹֽא־בָזָ֨ה וְלֹ֪א שִׁקַּ֡ץ עֱנ֬וּת עָנִ֗י וְלֹא־הִסְתִּ֣יר פָּנָ֣יו מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וּֽבְשַׁוְּע֖וֹ אֵלָ֣יו שָׁמֵֽעַ׃
25
For He did not scorn, He did not spurn
the plea of the lowly;
He did not hide His face from him;
when he cried out to Him, He listened.
25
For He hath not despised nor abhorred the lowliness of the poor; neither hath He hid His face from him; but when he cried unto Him, He heard.'
עֱנוּת עָנִי. צַעֲקַת דַּל, כָּל עֲנִיָּה שֶׁבַּמִּקְרָא לְשׁוֹן צְעָקָה. וְעוֹד יֵשׁ לִפְתּוֹר עֱנוּת לְשׁוֹן הַכְנָעָה, כְּמוֹ ״לַעֲנֹת מִפָּנַי״ (שמות י:ג), שֶׁהוּא נִכְנָע וּמִתְפַּלֵּל לְפָנֶיךָ:
the cry of the poor Every [expression of] עניה in Scripture is an expression of a cry. ענות can also be interpreted as an expression of humility, as (in Exod. 10:3): “to humble yourself (לענת),” because he (the poor man) humbles himself and prays before You.
כ"ו
מֵ֥אִתְּךָ֗ תְֽהִלָּ֫תִ֥י בְּקָהָ֥ל רָ֑ב נְדָרַ֥י אֲ֝שַׁלֵּ֗ם נֶ֣גֶד יְרֵאָֽיו׃
26
Because of You I offer praise in the great congregation;
I pay my vows in the presence of His worshipers.
26
From Thee cometh my praise in the great congregation; I will pay my vows before them that fear Him.
כ"ז
יֹאכְל֬וּ עֲנָוִ֨ים ׀ וְיִשְׂבָּ֗עוּ יְהַֽלְל֣וּ יְ֭הוָה דֹּ֣רְשָׁ֑יו יְחִ֖י לְבַבְכֶ֣ם לָעַֽד׃
27
Let the lowly eat and be satisfied;
let all who seek the LORD praise Him.
Always be of good cheer!
27
Let the humble eat and be satisfied; let them praise the LORD that seek after Him; may your heart be quickened for ever!
יֹאכְלוּ עֲנָוִים. לְעֵת הַגְּאֻלָּה, לִימוֹת הַמָּשִׁיחַ:
The humble shall eat at the time of our redemption in the days of our Messiah.
יְחִי לְבַבְכֶם לָעַד. כָּל זֶה אוֹמֵר לִפְנֵיהֶם:
your hearts shall live forever I will say all this before them.
כ"ח
יִזְכְּר֤וּ ׀ וְיָשֻׁ֣בוּ אֶל־יְ֭הוָה כָּל־אַפְסֵי־אָ֑רֶץ וְיִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֥וּ לְ֝פָנֶ֗יךָ כָּֽל־מִשְׁפְּח֥וֹת גּוֹיִֽם׃
28
Let all the ends of the earth pay heed and turn to the LORD,
and the peoples of all nations prostrate themselves before You;
28
All the ends of the earth shall remember and turn unto the LORD; and all the kindreds of the nations shall worship before Thee.
יִזְכְּרוּ וְיָשׁוּבוּ אֶל ה׳. יִזְכְּרוּ הָאוּמּוֹת הָרָעָה שֶׁמְּצָאַתְנוּ כְּשֶׁיִּרְאוּ אֶת הַטּוֹבָה, וְיָשׁוּבוּ אֶל ה׳:
shall remember and return to the Lord The nations shall remember the evil that befell us when they see the good and return to the Lord.
כ"ט
כִּ֣י לַ֭יהוָה הַמְּלוּכָ֑ה וּ֝מֹשֵׁ֗ל בַּגּוֹיִֽם׃
29
for kingship is the LORD’s
and He rules the nations.
29
For the kingdom is the LORD’S; and He is the ruler over the nations.
כִּי לַה׳ הַמְּלוּכָה. כִּי יִרְאוּ שֶׁחוֹזֶרֶת לְךָ הַמְּלוּכָה וְהַמֶּמְשָׁלָה:
For the kingship is the Lord’s For they will see that the kingship and the rule has returned to You.
ל׳
אָכְל֬וּ וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּ֨וּ ׀ כָּֽל־דִּשְׁנֵי־אֶ֗רֶץ לְפָנָ֣יו יִ֭כְרְעוּ כָּל־יוֹרְדֵ֣י עָפָ֑ר וְ֝נַפְשׁ֗וֹ לֹ֣א חִיָּֽה׃
30
All those in full vigor shall eat and prostrate themselves;
all those at death’s door, whose spirits flag,
shall bend the knee before Him.
30
All the fat ones of the earth shall eat and worship; all they that go down to the dust shall kneel before Him, even he that cannot keep his soul alive.
אָכְלוּ וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲווּ כָּל דִּשְׁנֵי אֶרֶץ. הֲרֵי זֶה מִקְרָא מְסֹרָס: אָכְלוּ עֲנָוִים כָּל דִּשְׁנֵי אֶרֶץ וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲווּ לַה׳ בְּהַלֵּל וְהוֹדָאָה עַל הַטּוֹבָה, דִּשְׁנֵי אֶרֶץ טוּב חֵלֶב הָאָרֶץ. כָּל זֶה יִרְאוּ אַפְסֵי הָאָרֶץ וְיָשׁוּבוּ אֶל ה׳:
They shall eat all the best of the earth and prostrate themselves Lit. they shall eat and prostrate themselves all the best of the earth. This is a transposed verse. The humble shall eat all the best of the earth and prostrate themselves to the Lord with praise and thanksgiving for the good. דשני means the good, the fat of the earth. [People at] all the ends of the earth will see all this and return to the Lord.
לְפָנָיו יִכְרְעוּ. אָז כָּל מֵתֵי הָרְשָׁעִים מִתּוֹךְ גֵּיהִנֹּם, וְלֹא יְרַחֵם עֲלֵיהֶם לְחַיּוֹת אֶת נַפְשָׁם מִגֵּיהִנֹּם:
before Him shall...kneel Then all the dead of nations [will kneel] from Gehinnom but He will not have mercy upon them to revive their souls from Gehinnom.
וְנַפְשׁוֹ. שֶׁל כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד:
his soul [The soul] of each one.
לֹא חִיָּה. לֹא יְחַיֶּה. רַבּוֹתֵינוּ דָּרְשׁוּ מִן הַמִּקְרָא הַזֶּה, שֶׁהַמֵּתִים לִפְנֵי מִיתָתָם, בְּשָׁעַת נְטִילַת נְשָׁמָה, רוֹאִין פְּנֵי שְׁכִינָה:
He will not quicken Lit. He did not quicken. Our Sages (Mid. Ps. 22:32) derived from this verse that the dead, before their death, at the time their soul is taken, see the countenance of the Shechinah.
ל"א
זֶ֥רַע יַֽעַבְדֶ֑נּוּ יְסֻפַּ֖ר לַֽאדֹנָ֣י לַדּֽוֹר׃
31
Offspring shall serve Him;
the Lord’s fame shall be proclaimed to the generation
31
A seed shall serve him; It shall be told of the Lord unto the next generation.
זֶרַע יַעַבְדֶנּוּ וְגוֹ׳. זֶרַע יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר תָּמִיד עוֹבְדִים אוֹתוֹ:
The seed that worships Him The seed of Israel, who constantly worship Him.
יְסֻפַּר לַאדֹנָי לַדּוֹר. סָרֵס הַמִּקְרָא וְדָרְשֵׁהוּ: יְסֻפַּר לְדוֹר אַחֲרוֹן לְשֵׁם ה׳ וּלְשַׁבְּחוֹ, אֶת אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה לְאוֹתוֹ זֶרַע:
it shall be told to the generation concerning the Lord Transpose the verse and explain it thus: It shall be told to the last generation in the name of the Lord and in His praise what He did for that seed.
ל"ב
יָ֭בֹאוּ וְיַגִּ֣ידוּ צִדְקָת֑וֹ לְעַ֥ם נ֝וֹלָ֗ד כִּ֣י עָשָֽׂה׃
32
to come;
they shall tell of His beneficence to people yet to be born,
for He has acted.
32
They shall come and shall declare His righteousness Unto a people that shall be born, that He hath done it.
יָבֹאוּ. הָרִאשׁוֹנִים וְיַגִּידוּ צִדְקָתוֹ לְעַם הַנּוֹלָד, כִּי עָשָׂה לָהֶם צְדָקָה:
They shall come The first ones shall come and tell His righteousness to the newborn people, for He performed righteous deeds for them.