א׳
מִזְמ֗וֹר לְאָ֫סָ֥ף אֵ֤ל ׀ אֱֽלֹהִ֡ים יְֽהוָ֗ה דִּבֶּ֥ר וַיִּקְרָא־אָ֑רֶץ מִמִּזְרַח־שֶׁ֝֗מֶשׁ עַד־מְבֹאֽוֹ׃
1
A psalm of Asaph.
God, the LORD God spoke
and summoned the world from east to west.
1
A Psalm of Asaph. God, God, the LORD, hath spoken, and called the earth From the rising of the sun unto the going down thereof.
אֵל אֱלֹהִים ה׳. אֶקְרָא (אֱלֹהֵי הָאֱלֹהִים ה׳ שְׁמוֹ):
God of gods is the Lord I shall call (the God of gods—YHWH is His name).
דִּבֶּר וַיִּקְרָא אָרֶץ. וְהוּא הוֹפִיעַ מִצִּיּוֹן שֶׁהוּא מִכְלַל יֹפִי:
spoke and called to the earth The entire earth, but He appeared from Zion, which is the adornment of beauty.
ב׳
מִצִּיּ֥וֹן מִכְלַל־יֹ֗פִי אֱלֹהִ֥ים הוֹפִֽיעַ׃
2
From Zion, perfect in beauty,
God appeared
2
Out of Zion, the perfection of beauty, God hath shined forth.
מִכְלַל. שֵׁם דָּבָר, פְּרַמְנְ״ט בְּלַעַ״ז:
מִכְלַל is a noun, parement in Old French, adornment. He [Asaph] prophesies concerning the future redemption.
ג׳
יָ֤בֹ֥א אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ וְֽאַל־יֶ֫חֱרַ֥שׁ אֵשׁ־לְפָנָ֥יו תֹּאכֵ֑ל וּ֝סְבִיבָ֗יו נִשְׂעֲרָ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃
3
—let our God come and not fail to act!
Devouring fire preceded Him;
it stormed around Him fiercely.
3
Our God cometh, and doth not keep silence; a fire devoureth before Him, And round about Him it stormeth mightily.
יָבֹא אֱלֹהֵינוּ וְאַל יֶחֱרַשׁ. עוֹד עַל דַּם עֲבָדָיו הַשָּׁפוּךְ (תהלים עט:י):
Our God shall come and not be silent any longer concerning the spilt blood of His servants.
ד׳
יִקְרָ֣א אֶל־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם מֵעָ֑ל וְאֶל־הָ֝אָ֗רֶץ לָדִ֥ין עַמּֽוֹ׃
4
He summoned the heavens above,
and the earth, for the trial of His people.
4
He calleth to the heavens above, and to the earth, that He may judge His people:
יִקְרָא אֶל הַשָּׁמַיִם. לִפְקֹד עַל שַׂר הָאֻמּוֹת שֶׁבַּמָּרוֹם:
He shall call to the heavens to visit upon the celestial princes of the peoples.
וְאֶל הָאָרֶץ. לִפְקֹד עַל מַלְכֵי מִצְרַיִם (ישעיהו כד:כא):
and to the earth to visit upon the kings of the earth.
לָדִין עַמּוֹ. לִנְקֹם נִקְמַת עַמּוֹ, כְּמוֹ ״כִּי יָדִין עַמּוֹ״ וְ״דַם עֲבָדָיו יִקּוֹם״ (דברים לב:לו, מג):
to avenge His people Heb. לדין, to avenge the vengeance of His people, as (Deut. 32:36): “For the Lord shall judge His people, and He shall avenge the blood of His servants.”
ה׳
אִסְפוּ־לִ֥י חֲסִידָ֑י כֹּרְתֵ֖י בְרִיתִ֣י עֲלֵי־זָֽבַח׃
5
“Bring in My devotees,
who made a covenant with Me over sacrifice!”
5
'Gather My saints together unto Me; those that have made a covenant with Me by sacrifice.'
אִסְפוּ לִי חֲסִידָי. וְעוֹד יִקְרָא לַשָּׁמַיִם וְלָאָרֶץ שֶׁיַּאַסְפוּ לוֹ הַגָּלֻיּוֹת, כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״עוּרִי צָפוֹן וּבֹאִי תֵימָן״ (שיר השירים ד:טז):
Gather to Me My devoted ones And He will further call to the heavens and the earth that they gather the exiles to Him, as the matter that is stated (Song 4:16): “Awake, O north wind, and come, O south wind.”
כֹּרְתֵי בְרִיתִי עֲלֵי זָבַח. שֶׁקִּבְּלוּ אֶת הַתּוֹרָה בִּבְרִית וְזֶבַח, כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״הִנֵּה דַם הַבְּרִית אֲשֶׁר כָּרַת ה׳ וְגוֹמֵר״ (שמות כד:ח):
who made a covenant with Me over a sacrifice Who received the Torah with a covenant and a sacrifice, as it is stated (Exod. 24:8): “Behold the blood of the covenant, which the Lord has made with you.”
ו׳
וַיַּגִּ֣ידוּ שָׁמַ֣יִם צִדְק֑וֹ כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֓ים ׀ שֹׁפֵ֖ט ה֣וּא סֶֽלָה׃
6
Then the heavens proclaimed His righteousness,
for He is a God who judges. Selah.
6
And the heavens declare His righteousness; for God, He is judge. Selah
ז׳
שִׁמְעָ֤ה עַמִּ֨י ׀ וַאֲדַבֵּ֗רָה יִ֭שְׂרָאֵל וְאָעִ֣ידָה בָּ֑ךְ אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֱלֹהֶ֣יךָ אָנֹֽכִי׃
7
“Pay heed, My people, and I will speak,
O Israel, and I will arraign you.
I am God, your God.
7
'Hear, O My people, and I will speak; O Israel, and I will testify against thee: God, thy God, am I.
ח׳
לֹ֣א עַל־זְ֭בָחֶיךָ אוֹכִיחֶ֑ךָ וְעוֹלֹתֶ֖יךָ לְנֶגְדִּ֣י תָמִֽיד׃
8
I censure you not for your sacrifices,
and your burnt offerings, made to Me daily;
8
I will not reprove thee for thy sacrifices; and thy burnt-offerings are continually before Me.
לֹא עַל זְבָחֶיךָ אוֹכִיחֶךָ. אִם אֵינְךָ מֵבִיא לִי זְבָחֶיךָ וְלֹא עוֹלֹתֶיךָ נֶגְדִּי תָמִיד, אֵינִי שָׂם עֵינִי וְלִבִּי עַל כָּךְ:
I will not reprove you concerning your sacrifices If you do not bring Me sacrifices, and your burnt offerings are not before Me constantly. I do not set My eyes and My heart on that.
ט׳
לֹא־אֶקַּ֣ח מִבֵּיתְךָ֣ פָ֑ר מִ֝מִּכְלְאֹתֶ֗יךָ עַתּוּדִֽים׃
9
I claim no bull from your estate,
no he-goats from your pens.
9
I will take no bullock out of thy house, nor he-goats out of thy folds.
לֹא אֶקַּח מִבֵּיתְךָ פָר. לֹא שֶׁלְּךָ הֵם, אֶלָּא שֶׁלִּי:
I will not take from your household a bull They are not yours but Mine.
מִמִּכְלְאֹתֶיךָ. הוּא דִּיר הַצֹּאן, כְּמוֹ ״גָּזַר מִמִּכְלָה צֹאן״ (חבקוק ג:יז), פַּאר״ק בְּלַעַ״ז:
from your pens Heb. ממכלאתיך. That is a sheepfold, as (Habakkuk 3:17): “the flock shall be cut off from the fold (ממכלה) .” Parc in French, pen.
י׳
כִּי־לִ֥י כָל־חַיְתוֹ־יָ֑עַר בְּ֝הֵמ֗וֹת בְּהַרְרֵי־אָֽלֶף׃
10
For Mine is every animal of the forest,
the beasts on a thousand mountains.
10
For every beast of the forest is Mine, and the cattle upon a thousand hills.
בְּהֵמוֹת בְּהַרְרֵי אָלֶף. הוּא (שׁוֹר) שֶׁהוּא רוֹעֶה אֶלֶף הָרִים לְיוֹם, וְכָל יוֹם וָיוֹם הֵם צוֹמְחִים. יֵשׁ מְפָרְשִׁים אֶלֶף הָרִים אוֹ אֶלֶף פַּרְסָאוֹת אוֹ שֵׁם אֶלֶף פָּרִים, וְיֵשׁ מְפָרְשִׁים שֶׁהוּא כְּמוֹ ״שְׁגַר אֲלָפֶיךָ״ (דברים ז:יג), כְּלוֹמַר הָרִים מְלֵאִים בָּקָר בַּעֲבוּר שֶׁהִזְכִּיר לֹא אֶקַּח מִבֵּיתְךָ פָר:
the behemoth of the thousand mountains That is (the bull) destined for the future feast [of the righteous], which grazes on a thousand mountains daily, and every day they grow back. Others explain this to mean one thousand mountains or one thousand parasangs (i.e., one mountain that is 1,000 parasangs long, or perhaps it should read: 1,000 bulls. The plural “mountains” indicates that there were many mountains of that type.[Shem Ephraim]) Others explain that this is like (Deut. 7:13): “the litter of your cattle (אלפיך).” i.e., mountains full of cattle, because he says, “I will not take from your household a bull.”
י"א
יָ֭דַעְתִּי כָּל־ע֣וֹף הָרִ֑ים וְזִ֥יז שָׂ֝דַ֗י עִמָּדִֽי׃
11
I know every bird of the mountains,
the creatures of the field are subject to Me.
11
I know all the fowls of the mountains; and the wild beasts of the field are Mine.
וְזִיז שָׂדַי עִמָּדִי. רֶמֶשׂ הַשָּׂדֶה. זִיז, עַל שֶׁהֵם זָזִים מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם. אישמובימנ״ט בְּלַעַ״ז:
and the creeping things of the field are with me Heb. זיז, the creeping things of the field. They are called זִיז because they move (זזים) from place to place; esmoubemant in Old French, movement.
עִמָּדִי. אֲנִי יוֹדֵעַ אֶת כֻּלָּם:
with Me I know them all.
י"ב
אִם־אֶ֭רְעַב לֹא־אֹ֣מַר לָ֑ךְ כִּי־לִ֥י תֵ֝בֵ֗ל וּמְלֹאָֽהּ׃
12
Were I hungry, I would not tell you,
for Mine is the world and all it holds.
12
If I were hungry, I would not tell thee; for the world is Mine, and the fulness thereof.
י"ג
הַֽ֭אוֹכַל בְּשַׂ֣ר אַבִּירִ֑ים וְדַ֖ם עַתּוּדִ֣ים אֶשְׁתֶּֽה׃
13
Do I eat the flesh of bulls,
or drink the blood of he-goats?
13
Do I eat the flesh of bulls, or drink the blood of goats?
הַאוֹכַל בְּשַׂר אַבִּירִים. לֹא אָמַרְתִּי לְךָ לְהָבִיא זֶבַח שֶׁאֲנִי צָרִיךְ לַאֲכִילָה, אֶלָּא נַחַת רוּחַ לְפָנַי, שֶׁאָמַרְתִּי וְנַעֲשָׂה רְצוֹנִי:
Will I eat the flesh of bulls I did not order you to bring a sacrifice because I need to eat, but it is My pleasure that I spoke and My will was performed.
י"ד
זְבַ֣ח לֵאלֹהִ֣ים תּוֹדָ֑ה וְשַׁלֵּ֖ם לְעֶלְי֣וֹן נְדָרֶֽיךָ׃
14
Sacrifice a thank offering to God,
and pay your vows to the Most High.
14
Offer unto God the sacrifice of thanksgiving; and pay thy vows unto the Most High;
זְבַח לֵאלֹהִים תּוֹדָה. הִתְוַדֵּה עַל מַעֲשֶׂיךָ וְשׁוּב אֵלַי, זֶהוּ זֶבַח שֶׁאֲנִי חָפֵץ בּוֹ; וְאַחַר כָּךְ שַׁלֵּם לְעֶלְיוֹן נְדָרֶיךָ, כִּי אָז יִתְקַבְּלוּ לְרָצוֹן:
Slaughter for God a confession Confess your deeds and return to Me. That is the sacrifice that I desire, and afterwards pay the Most High your vows, for then they will be accepted willingly.
ט"ו
וּ֭קְרָאֵנִי בְּי֣וֹם צָרָ֑ה אֲ֝חַלֶּצְךָ֗ וּֽתְכַבְּדֵֽנִי׃
15
Call upon Me in time of trouble;
I will rescue you, and you shall honor Me.”
15
And call upon Me in the day of trouble; I will deliver thee, and thou shalt honour Me.'
וּתְכַבְּדֵנִי. שֶׁזֶּה הוּא כְּבוֹדִי, שֶׁאוֹשִׁיעַ אֶת הַבּוֹטְחִים בִּי:
and you will honor Me For this is My honor, that I will save those who trust in Me.
ט"ז
וְלָ֤רָשָׁ֨ע ׀ אָ֘מַ֤ר אֱלֹהִ֗ים מַה־לְּ֭ךָ לְסַפֵּ֣ר חֻקָּ֑י וַתִּשָּׂ֖א בְרִיתִ֣י עֲלֵי־פִֽיךָ׃
16
And to the wicked, God said:
“Who are you to recite My laws,
and mouth the terms of My covenant,
16
But unto the wicked God saith: 'What hast thou to do to declare My statutes, And that thou hast taken My covenant in thy mouth?
וְתִשָּׂא בְרִיתִי. תּוֹרָתִי:
and bring up My covenant on your mouth My Torah.
י"ז
וְ֭אַתָּה שָׂנֵ֣אתָ מוּסָ֑ר וַתַּשְׁלֵ֖ךְ דְּבָרַ֣י אַחֲרֶֽיךָ׃
17
seeing that you spurn My discipline,
and brush My words aside?
17
Seeing thou hatest instruction, and castest My words behind thee.
י"ח
אִם־רָאִ֣יתָ גַ֭נָּב וַתִּ֣רֶץ עִמּ֑וֹ וְעִ֖ם מְנָאֲפִ֣ים חֶלְקֶֽךָ׃
18
When you see a thief, you fall in with him,
and throw in your lot with adulterers;
18
When thou sawest a thief, thou hadst company with him, and with adulterers was thy portion.
וַתִּרֶץ עִמּוֹ. נִתְרַצֵּיתָ לָלֶכֶת עִמּוֹ:
you agreed You agreed to go with him.
י"ט
פִּ֭יךָ שָׁלַ֣חְתָּ בְרָעָ֑ה וּ֝לְשׁוֹנְךָ֗ תַּצְמִ֥יד מִרְמָֽה׃
19
you devote your mouth to evil,
and yoke your tongue to deceit;
19
Thou hast let loose thy mouth for evil, and thy tongue frameth deceit. .
תַּצְמִיד מִרְמָה. תַּרְגִּיל אֶצְלְךָ רְמִיָּה לְדַבֵּר רָעָה, תַּצְמִיד אגוטא״ש בְּלַעַ״ז, כְּמוֹ (במדבר יט:טו) ״צָמִיד פָּתִיל״ (ס״א אינו):
you accustomed your tongue to deceit Heb. תצמיד. You accustom deceit to be with you; to speak evil. תצמיד is ajouter in French, to join, as (Num. 19:15): “a cover (צמיד) bound.”
כ׳
תֵּ֭שֵׁב בְּאָחִ֣יךָ תְדַבֵּ֑ר בְּבֶֽן־אִ֝מְּךָ֗ תִּתֶּן־דֹּֽפִי׃
20
you are busy maligning your brother,
defaming the son of your mother.
20
Thou sittest and speakest against thy brother; Thou slanderest thine own mother's son.
תֵּשֵׁב. בְּמוֹשַׁב לֵצִים:
You sit in the company of the scorners.
בְּבֶן אִמְּךָ. שֶׁאֵין לְךָ דִּין וְרִיב עִמּוֹ, שֶׁאֵינוֹ יוֹרֵשׁ עִמְּךָ:
your mother’s son with whom you have no [legal] quarrel, since he does not inherit with you.
דּוֹפִי. דָּבָר גְּנַאי לִדְחוֹתוֹ, לְשׁוֹן ״יֶהְדֳּפֶנּוּ״ (במדבר לה:כ):
slander Heb. דפי, defamation to cast him off, an expression of (Num. 35:20): “he pushes him off (יהדפנו).”
כ"א
אֵ֤לֶּה עָשִׂ֨יתָ ׀ וְֽהֶחֱרַ֗שְׁתִּי דִּמִּ֗יתָ הֱֽיוֹת־אֶֽהְיֶ֥ה כָמ֑וֹךָ אוֹכִיחֲךָ֖ וְאֶֽעֶרְכָ֣ה לְעֵינֶֽיךָ׃
21
If I failed to act when you did these things,
you would fancy that I was like you;
so I censure you and confront you with charges.
21
These things hast thou done, and should I have kept silence? Thou hadst thought that I was altogether such a one as thyself; but I will reprove thee, and set the cause before thine eyes.
דִּמִּיתָ. סָבוּר אַתָּה שֶׁאֶהְיֶה כָמוֹךָ, לְהִתְרַצּוֹת בְּמַעֲשֶׂיךָ הָרָעִים. (וְיֵשׁ מְפָרְשִׁים דִּמִּיתָ כִּי אֵינֶנִּי יוֹדֵעַ הַנִּסְתָּרוֹת):
you thought You thought that I would be like you, to condone your evil deeds; (and others explain: you thought that I do not know what is hidden.)
כ"ב
בִּֽינוּ־נָ֣א זֹ֭את שֹׁכְחֵ֣י אֱל֑וֹהַּ פֶּן־אֶ֝טְרֹ֗ף וְאֵ֣ין מַצִּֽיל׃
22
Mark this, you who are unmindful of God,
lest I tear you apart and no one save you.
22
Now consider this, ye that forget God, lest I tear in pieces, and there be none to deliver.
כ"ג
זֹבֵ֥חַ תּוֹדָ֗ה יְֽכַ֫בְּדָ֥נְנִי וְשָׂ֥ם דֶּ֑רֶךְ אַ֝רְאֶ֗נּוּ בְּיֵ֣שַׁע אֱלֹהִֽים׃
23
He who sacrifices a thank offering honors Me,
and to him who improves his way
I will show the salvation of God.”
23
Whoso offereth the sacrifice of thanksgiving honoureth Me; and to him that ordereth his way aright Will I show the salvation of God.'
זוֹבֵחַ תּוֹדָה. הַמֵּבִיא לִי זֶבַח שֶׁל תְּשׁוּבָה וְהוֹדָאָה עַל עֲווֹנוֹתָיו, הוּא יְכַבְּדָנְנִי:
One who slaughters a confession sacrifice [One] who brings Me a sacrifice of repentance and confession for his iniquities, honors Me.
וְשָׂם דֶּרֶךְ. הַשָּׁב אֵלַי אֲנִי מְלַמֵּד וְשָׂם דֶּרֶךְ לַחוֹטְאִים לָשׁוּב אֵלַי, אֲנִי אַרְאֶנּוּ בִּישׁוּעָתִי:
and [I will] prepare the way for the one who returns to Me. I teach and prepare the way for sinners to return to Me (and he who returns to Me—Shem Ephraim), I will show him My salvation.