א׳
מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִ֑ד בִּ֝הְיוֹת֗וֹ בְּמִדְבַּ֥ר יְהוּדָֽה׃
1
A psalm of David, when he was in the Wilderness of Judah.
1
A Psalm of David, when he was in the wilderness of Judah.
בְּמִדְבַּר יְהוּדָה. בּוֹרֵחַ מִפְּנֵי שָׁאוּל (שמואל א כב-כד):
in the desert of Judah when he was fleeing from Saul.
ב׳
אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ אֵלִ֥י אַתָּ֗ה אֲֽשַׁחֲ֫רֶ֥ךָּ צָמְאָ֬ה לְךָ֨ ׀ נַפְשִׁ֗י כָּמַ֣הּ לְךָ֣ בְשָׂרִ֑י בְּאֶֽרֶץ־צִיָּ֖ה וְעָיֵ֣ף בְּלִי־מָֽיִם׃
2
God, You are my God;
I search for You,
my soul thirsts for You,
my body yearns for You,
as a parched and thirsty land that has no water.
2
O God, Thou art my God, earnestly will I seek Thee; My soul thirsteth for Thee, my flesh longeth for Thee, In a dry and weary land, where no water is.
אֲשַׁחֲרֶךָּ. אֲבַקֵּשׁ וְאֶדְרוֹשׁ לְךָ, כְּמוֹ ״וְשִׁחַרְתַּנִי וְאֵינֶנִּי״ (איוב ז:כא), ״אִם אַתָּה תְּשַׁחֵר אֶל אֵל״ (איוב ח:ה):
I seek You Heb. אשחרך, I seek and search for You, as (Job 7:21): “and You shall seek me (ושחרתני), but I am not here”; (Job 8:5), “If you seek (תשחר) God.”
צָמְאָה לְךָ נַפְשִׁי. צָמֵא וְתָאֵב אֲנִי לָבוֹא אֵלֶיךָ בְּבֵית תְּפִלָּתְךָ:
My soul thirsts for You I thirst and long to come to You in Your house of prayer.
כָּמַהּ לְךָ בְשָׂרִי. לְשׁוֹן תַּאֲוָה, וְאֵין לוֹ דִּמְיוֹן:
my flesh longs for You Heb. כמה, an expression of desire. There is no similar [Scriptural expression].
בְּאֶרֶץ צִיָּה. בַּמִּדְבָּר:
in an arid land in the desert.
ג׳
כֵּ֭ן בַּקֹּ֣דֶשׁ חֲזִיתִ֑יךָ לִרְא֥וֹת עֻ֝זְּךָ֗ וּכְבוֹדֶֽךָ׃
3
I shall behold You in the sanctuary,
and see Your might and glory,
3
So have I looked for Thee in the sanctuary, To see Thy power and Thy glory. .
כֵּן בַּקֹּדֶשׁ חֲזִיתִיךָ וְגוֹ׳. כְּמוֹ כַּאֲשֶׁר: צָמֵאתִי לִרְאוֹת עֻזְּךָ וּכְבוֹדְךָ כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁחֲזִיתִיךָ בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ, מִשְׁכַּן שִׁילֹה; תִּשְׂבַּע נַפְשִׁי בְּמַרְאוֹת עֻזְּךָ וּכְבוֹדֶךָ:
As I saw You in the Sanctuary, etc. Heb. כן, like כאשר, as. I thirst to see Your strength and Your glory as I saw You in the Sanctuary, the Tabernacle of Shiloh. My soul will be sated with the visions of Your strength and Your glory.
ד׳
כִּי־ט֣וֹב חַ֭סְדְּךָ מֵֽחַיִּ֗ים שְׂפָתַ֥י יְשַׁבְּחֽוּנְךָ׃
4
Truly Your faithfulness is better than life;
my lips declare Your praise.
4
For Thy lovingkindness is better than life; My lips shall praise Thee.
ה׳
כֵּ֣ן אֲבָרֶכְךָ֣ בְחַיָּ֑י בְּ֝שִׁמְךָ אֶשָּׂ֥א כַפָּֽי׃
5
I bless You all my life;
I lift up my hands, invoking Your name.
5
So will I bless Thee as long as I live; In Thy name will I lift up my hands.
כֵּן אֲבָרֶכְךָ בְחַיָּי. כְּמוֹ אָז, כִּי ״אָז״ (דברים כט:יט) מְתַרְגְּמִינָן: ״וּבְכֵן״. כְּלוֹמַר: אָז, כְּשֶׁאָבוֹא לְפָנֶיךָ, אֲבָרֶכְךָ כָּל יְמֵי חַיַּי:
Then I shall bless You in my lifetime Heb. כן, like אָז, then, because אָז is translated ובכן. That is to say: Then, when I come before You, I shall bless You all the days of my life.
בְּשִׁמְךָ אֶשָּׂא כַפָּי. לְהִתְפַּלֵּל וּלְהַלֵּל:
in Your name I shall lift my hands to pray and laud.
ו׳
כְּמ֤וֹ חֵ֣לֶב וָ֭דֶשֶׁן תִּשְׂבַּ֣ע נַפְשִׁ֑י וְשִׂפְתֵ֥י רְ֝נָנ֗וֹת יְהַלֶּל־פִּֽי׃
6
I am sated as with a rich feast,
I sing praises with joyful lips
6
My soul is satisfied as with marrow and fatness; And my mouth doth praise Thee with joyful lips;
וְשִׂפְתֵי רְנָנוֹת. לְשׁוֹנוֹת שֶׁל רְנָנוֹת, כְּמוֹ ״וַיְהִי כָל הָאָרֶץ שָׂפָה אֶחָת״ (בראשית יא:א) דִּמְתַרְגְּמִינַן: ״לִישָׁנָא חַד״:
when my mouth praises with expressions of song Heb. ושפתי, languages of songs, as (Gen. 11: 1): “And all the earth was of one language (שפה),” which is translated: לישן חד.
ז׳
אִם־זְכַרְתִּ֥יךָ עַל־יְצוּעָ֑י בְּ֝אַשְׁמֻר֗וֹת אֶהְגֶּה־בָּֽךְ׃
7
when I call You to mind upon my bed,
when I think of You in the watches of the night;
7
When I remember Thee upon my couch, And meditate on Thee in the night-watches.
עַל יְצוּעָי. כְּשֶׁאֲנִי שׁוֹכֵב עַל מִשְׁכָּבִי, אֲנִי זוֹכֵר אַהֲבָתְךָ:
on my couch When I lie on my couch, I remember Your love.
בָּאַשְׁמֻרוֹת. הַלַּיְלָה:
in the watches of the night.
אֶהְגֶּה בָּךְ. אֶחְשֹׁב בְּךָ:
I meditate about You Heb. אהגה. I think about You.
ח׳
כִּֽי־הָיִ֣יתָ עֶזְרָ֣תָה לִּ֑י וּבְצֵ֖ל כְּנָפֶ֣יךָ אֲרַנֵּֽן׃
8
for You are my help,
and in the shadow of Your wings
I shout for joy.
8
For Thou hast been my help, And in the shadow of Thy wings do I rejoice.
ט׳
דָּבְקָ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֣י אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ בִּ֝֗י תָּמְכָ֥ה יְמִינֶֽךָ׃
9
My soul is attached to You;
Your right hand supports me.
9
My soul cleaveth unto Thee; Thy right hand holdeth me fast.
בִּי תָּמְכָה יְמִינֶךָ. שֶׁלֹּא אֶפּוֹל:
Your right hand has supported me that I should not fall.
י׳
וְהֵ֗מָּה לְ֭שׁוֹאָה יְבַקְשׁ֣וּ נַפְשִׁ֑י יָ֝בֹ֗אוּ בְּֽתַחְתִּיּ֥וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃
10
May those who seek to destroy my life
enter the depths of the earth.
10
But those that seek my soul, to destroy it, Shall go into the nethermost parts of the earth.
וְהֵמָּה. אוֹיְבַי:
But they My enemies.
לְשׁוֹאָה יְבַקְשׁוּ נַפְשִׁי. בָּאִים עָלַי בְּמַאֲרָב בְּיוֹם אֲפֵלָה, שֶׁלֹּא אַרְגִּישׁ בָּהֶם:
seek my soul to make it desolate They come upon me in ambush on a dark day so that I should not sense their presence.
יָבֹאוּ בְּתַחְתִּיּוֹת הָאָרֶץ. בְּמָקוֹם שָׁפָל, שְׁאוֹל וְשׁוּחָה, יָבֹאוּ וְיִפְּלוּ:
may they come into the depths of the earth In a low place; let them come and fall into the grave and the pit.
י"א
יַגִּירֻ֥הוּ עַל־יְדֵי־חָ֑רֶב מְנָ֖ת שֻׁעָלִ֣ים יִהְיֽוּ׃
11
May they be gutted by the sword;
may they be prey to jackals.
11
They shall be hurled to the power of the sword; They shall be a portion for foxes.
יַגִּירֻהוּ עַל יְדֵי חָרֶב. יָבוֹאוּ עַל רוֹדְפֵי אוֹיְבִים, וִיגִירוּהוּ כָּל אֶחָד מֵהֶם עַל יְדֵי חֶרֶב שֶׁיָּמִיתוּ אוֹתוֹ. וּמִקְרָא קָצָר הוּא זֶה שֶׁלֹּא פֵּירֵשׁ מִי יְגִירוּהוּ. יַגִּירֻהוּ לְשׁוֹן גְּרִירָה, כְּמוֹ ״מוֹגָרִים בַּמּוֹרָד״ (מיכה א:ד), ״פָּרַץ נַחַל מֵעִם גָּר״ (איוב כח:ד):
May he be dragged by the sword May enemies come upon my pursuers and drag each one of them with a sword, killing him. This is an elliptical verse, since it does not explain who will drag him. יגירהוּ is an expression of dragging, as (Micah 1:4): “as water poured down (המוגרים) a steep place”; (Job. 28:4), “A stream bursts forth from the place of its flow (גר).”
(מָצָאתִי מְנָת שׁוּעָלִים. יִשּׁוּבָם חָרֵב, שׁוּעָלִים יֵלְכוּ בוֹ (איכה ה:יח)):
the portion of foxes (I found: the portion of foxes May their dwellings be destroyed, that foxes should walk there.)
י"ב
וְהַמֶּלֶךְ֮ יִשְׂמַ֪ח בֵּאלֹ֫הִ֥ים יִ֭תְהַלֵּל כָּל־הַנִּשְׁבָּ֣ע בּ֑וֹ כִּ֥י יִ֝סָּכֵ֗ר פִּ֣י דֽוֹבְרֵי־שָֽׁקֶר׃
12
But the king shall rejoice in God;
all who swear by Him shall exult,
when the mouth of liars is stopped.
12
But the king shall rejoice in God; Every one that sweareth by Him shall glory; For the mouth of them that speak lies shall be stopped.
וְהַמֶּלֶךְ יִשְׂמַח. עַל עַצְמוֹ הָיָה אוֹמֵר, שֶׁהֲרֵי כְּבָר הָיָה נִמְשַׁח:
And may the king rejoice He says this about himself because he had already been anointed.
יִתְהַלֵּל כָּל הַנִּשְׁבָּע בּוֹ. כְּשֶׁיִּרְאוּ שֶׁתּוֹשִׁיעֵנִי, יִתְהַלְּלוּ וְיִתְפָּאֲרוּ כָּל הַדְּבֵקִים בְּךָ וְנִשְׁבָּעִים בִּשְׁמֶךָ:
may all who swear by Him boast When they see that You will save me, all those who cleave to You and swear by Your name will boast and praise themselves.
כִּי יִסָּכֵר. יִסָּתֵם, כְּמוֹ ״וַיִּסָּכְרוּ כָּל מַעְיְנוֹת תְּהוֹם רַבָּה״ (בראשית ח:ב):
for...will be closed Heb. יסכר, will be closed up, as (Gen. 8:2). “The fountains of the great deep...were closed (ויסכרו).”