א׳
לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ אֶל־שֹׁשַׁנִּ֑ים עֵד֖וּת לְאָסָ֣ף מִזְמֽוֹר׃
1
For the leader; on shoshannim, eduth. Of Asaph. A psalm.
1
For the Leader; upon Shoshannim. A testimony. A Psalm of Asaph.
אֶל שׁוֹשַׁנִּים. אֶל יִשְׂרָאֵל (שיר השירים ב:ב):
to the roses To Israel.
עֵדוּת לְאָסָף מִזְמוֹר. מִזְמוֹר שֶׁל עֵדוּת, שֶׁרָמַז לָהֶם בּוֹ שָׁלֹשׁ גָּלֻיּוֹת וְהִתְפַּלֵּל עֲלֵיהֶם, שֶׁהֲרֵי נֶאֱמַר בְּמִזְמוֹר זֶה שָׁלֹשׁ פְּעָמִים הֲשִׁיבֵנוּ הָאֵר פָּנֶיךָ וְנִוָּשֵׁעָה; וְרָמַז לָהֶם בּוֹ צָרוֹת הָעֲתִידוֹת לָבֹא לָהֶם בִּימֵי בֵּית יֵהוּא מִמַּלְכֵי אֲרָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים ב יג:ז) בִּימֵי יְהוּא ״כִּי אִבְּדָם מֶלֶךְ אֲרָם וַיְשִׂימֵם כֶּעָפָר לָדוּשׁ״:
a testimony, of Asaph, a song A song of testimony in which he alluded to the three exiles and prayed about them. For it is mentioned in this psalm three times: “Return us, cause Your countenance to shine, and we shall be saved,” and in it, he alluded to the troubles that were destined to befall them in the days of the house of Jehu, from the kings of Aram. For it is stated (II Kings 13:7): “for the king of Aram had destroyed them and made them like dust to trample.”
ב׳
רֹ֘עֵ֤ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל ׀ הַאֲזִ֗ינָה נֹהֵ֣ג כַּצֹּ֣אן יוֹסֵ֑ף יֹשֵׁ֖ב הַכְּרוּבִ֣ים הוֹפִֽיעָה׃
2
Give ear, O shepherd of Israel
who leads Joseph like a flock!
Appear, You who are enthroned on the cherubim,
2
Give ear, O Shepherd of Israel, Thou that leadest Joseph like a flock; Thou that art enthroned upon the cherubim, shine forth.
רֹעֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל. מַנְהִיגָם וּפַרְנָס שֶׁלָּהֶם:
O Shepherd of Israel Their leader and supporter.
יוֹסֵף. וְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל נִקְרָאִים עַל שֵׁם יוֹסֵף, לְפִי שֶׁהוּא פִּרְנְסָם וְכִלְכְּלָם בִּימֵי הָרָעָב (בראשית מז:יב):
Joseph All Israel are called by the name Joseph because he sustained and supported them in time of famine.
יוֹשֵׁב הַכְּרוּבִים. כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״וְנוֹעַדְתִּי לְךָ שָׁם וְגוֹ׳״ (שמות כה:כב):
He Who dwells between the cherubim As it is said (Exod. 25:22): “There I shall meet with you at appointed times, etc.”
הוֹפִיעָה. הַרְאֵה גְּבוּרָתְךָ:
appear Demonstrate Your might.
ג׳
לִפְנֵ֤י אֶפְרַ֨יִם ׀ וּבִנְיָ֘מִ֤ן וּמְנַשֶּׁ֗ה עוֹרְרָ֥ה אֶת־גְּבֽוּרָתֶ֑ךָ וּלְכָ֖ה לִישֻׁעָ֣תָה לָּֽנוּ׃
3
at the head of Ephraim, Benjamin, and Manasseh!
Rouse Your might and come to our help!
3
Before Ephraim and Benjamin and Manasseh, stir up Thy might, And come to save us.
לִפְנֵי אֶפְרַיִם וּבִנְיָמִן וּמְנַשֶּׁה. כְּשֶׁיִּהְיוּ צְרִיכִים לִתְשׁוּעָתְךָ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵם רְשָׁעִים וְאֵינָם כְּדַי, עוֹרְרָה גְּבוּרָתֶךָ לָהֶם. וְלָמָּה? כִּי לְכָה לִישׁוּעָתָה לָּנוּ, לְךָ נָאֶה וְעָלֶיךָ לְהוֹשִׁיעַ, בֵּין חַיָּבִים וּבֵין זַכָּאִים. כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר לְמֹשֶׁה בְּמִצְרַיִם: (שמות ג:ז) ״רָאֹה רָאִיתִי אֶת עֳנִי עַמִּי״. שְׁתֵּי רְאִיּוֹת הַלָּלוּ לָמָּה? רוֹאֶה אֲנִי שֶׁהֵם עֲתִידִים לְהַכְעִיסֵנִי, וְאַף עַל פִּי כֵן רָאִיתִי אֶת עָנְיָם, מִפְּנֵי הַשְּׁבוּעָה שֶׁנִּשְׁבַּעְתִּי לְאַבְרָהָם (תנחומא, שמות כ):
Before Ephraim, Benjamin, and Manasseh when they need Your salvation. Although they are wicked and undeserving, arouse Your might for them. But why? Because it is for You to save us. It is fitting for You and it is incumbent upon You to save, whether guilty or innocent, as it was said to Moses in Egypt (Exod. 3:7): “I have seen the affliction of My people.” Why is the word for seeing repeated? I see that they are destined to provoke Me. Nevertheless, I have seen their affliction, because of the oath that I swore to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
אֶפְרַיִם. בְּמִלְחֶמֶת אֲרָם, כְּשֶׁצָּר עַל שׁוֹמְרוֹן (מלכים א כ:א) וְשָׁלַח מַלְאָכִים לְאַחְאָב: ״כַּסְפְּךָ וּזְהָבְךָ לִי הוּא וְנָשֶׁיךָ וּבָנֶיךָ הַטּוֹבִים לִי הֵם״ (מלכים א כ:ג):
Ephraim in the war with Aram, when he besieged Samaria and sent emissaries to Ahab (I Kings 20:3): “Your silver and gold are mine; your beautiful wives and children are mine.”
מְנַשֶּׁה. בִּימֵי יְהוֹאָשׁ בֶּן יְהוֹאָחָז, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״כִּי רָאָה ה׳ בָּעֳנִי יִשְׂרָאֵל״ (מלכים ב יג:כו), ״כִּי אִבְּדָם מֶלֶךְ אֲרָם וַיְשִׂימֵם כֶּעָפָר לָדוּשׁ״ (מלכים ב יג:ז), וְהִכּוּ שָׁלֹשׁ פְּעָמִים בַּמִּלְחָמָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר שָׁם: ״שָׁלֹשׁ פְּעָמִים הִכָּהוּ יוֹאָשׁ וַיָּשֶׁב אֶת עָרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל״ (מלכים ב יג:כה). בְּפֵרוּשִׁים אֲחֵרִים מָצָאתִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״שָׁלֹשׁ פְּעָמִים תַּכֶּה אֶת אֲרָם״ וַאֲשֶׁר הֵשִׁיב אֶת עָרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל:
Manasseh in the days of Jehoash the son of Jehoahaz, as it is said (II Kings 13:4, 7): “for He saw Israel’s oppression, etc., for the king of Aram had destroyed them and made them like dust to trample.” And he beat him in war three times, as it is said (II Kings 13: 25): “Joash overcame him three times and recovered the cities of Israel.”
בִּנְיָמִין. בִּימֵי אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ, שֶׁהָיוּ מָרְדְּכַי וְאֶסְתֵּר בְּסַכָּנָה, וְכָל הַדּוֹר תָּלוּי בָּהֶם (מגילה יב.):
Benjamin in the time of Ahasuerus, when Mordechai and Esther were in danger, and all Israel depended on them.
וּלְכָה לִישֻׁעָתָה לָּנוּ. אֵין זֶה לְשׁוֹן הֲלִיכָה, אֶלָּא כְּמוֹ ״לְךָ״, וְכֵן הוּא בַּמָּסֹרֶת ״וּלְכָה אֵיפוֹא״ דְּיַעֲקֹב (בראשית כז:לז), ״וּלְכָה אֵין בְּשׂוֹרָה מוֹצֵאת״ (שמואל ב יח:כב), ״שִׂמְלָה לְכָה קָצִין תִּהְיֶה לָּנוּ וְגוֹ׳״ (ישעיהו ג:ו):
and it is for You to save us Heb. ולכה. This is not an expression of going, but is like לְךָ, and so it is in the Masorah of (Gen. 27:37): “and for you (ולכה) then,” of Jacob; (II Sam. 18:22) “since for you (ולכה) there is no [reward] given for news”; (Isa. 3:6), “You have (לכה) a garment; be an officer to us, etc.”
ד׳
אֱלֹהִ֥ים הֲשִׁיבֵ֑נוּ וְהָאֵ֥ר פָּ֝נֶ֗יךָ וְנִוָּשֵֽׁעָה׃
4
Restore us, O God;
show Your favor that we may be delivered.
4
O God, restore us; And cause Thy face to shine, and we shall be saved.
הֲשִׁיבֵנוּ. בְּגָלוּת בָּבֶל שֶׁהָיָה מָרְדֳּכַי שָׁם (אסתר ב:ה):
return us from the Babylonian exile, where Mordechai was.
ה׳
יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֣ים צְבָא֑וֹת עַד־מָתַ֥י עָ֝שַׁ֗נְתָּ בִּתְפִלַּ֥ת עַמֶּֽךָ׃
5
O LORD, God of hosts,
how long will You be wrathful
toward the prayers of Your people?
5
O LORD God of hosts, How long wilt Thou be angry against the prayer of Thy people?
עַד מָתַי עָשַׁנְתָּ. בַּצָּרוֹת מַלְכֵי יָוָן שֶׁהֵרֵעוּ מְאֹד לְיִשְׂרָאֵל:
how long have You been wroth [This refers to] the troubles brought about by the Greek kings, who harmed Israel considerably.
ו׳
הֶ֭אֱכַלְתָּם לֶ֣חֶם דִּמְעָ֑ה וַ֝תַּשְׁקֵ֗מוֹ בִּדְמָע֥וֹת שָׁלִֽישׁ׃
6
You have fed them tears as their daily bread,
made them drink great measures of tears.
6
Thou hast fed them with the bread of tears, And given them tears to drink in large measure.
הֶאֱכַלְתָּם לֶחֶם דִּמְעָה. בְּמִצְרָיִם:
You have fed them bread of tears in Egypt.
וַתַּשְׁקֵמוֹ בִּדְמָעוֹת שָׁלִישׁ. בְּבָבֶל, שֶׁהָיוּ שִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה, שֶׁהוּא שְׁלִישׁ שֶׁל מָאתַיִם וְעֶשֶׂר שֶׁל מִצְרַיִם. זוֹ לָמַדְתִּי מִיסוֹדוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי מֹשֶׁה הַדַּרְשָׁן. וְיֵשׁ לִפְתּוֹר: עַל שֵׁם שֶׁמַּלְכוּת יָוָן הָיְתָה הַצָּרָה הַשְּׁלִישִׁית. וְאִם תֹּאמַר: רְבִיעִית הִיא, שֶׁהֲרֵי פָּרַס וּמָדַי קָדְמוּ? כָּל שִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה שֶׁל בָּבֶל אֵינָהּ אֶלָּא גָּלוּת אַחַת. וּמְנַחֵם פֵּרֵשׁ: שָׁלִישׁ שֵׁם שֶׁל כְּלִי שֶׁשּׁוֹתִין בּוֹ, וְכֵן פֵּרֵשׁ ״וְכָל בַּשָּׁלִישׁ עֲפַר הָאָרֶץ״ (ישעיהו מ:יב). וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ פֵּרְשׁוּהוּ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ דְּמָעוֹת שֶׁהוֹרִיד עֵשָׂו, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ ״וַיִּצְעַק צְעָקָה״ (בראשית כז:לד) – הֲרֵי אַחַת, ״גְּדֹלָה״ – הֲרֵי שְׁתַּיִם, ״וּמָרָה״ – הֲרֵי שָׁלֹשׁ, וַעֲלֵיהֶם זָכָה לִחְיוֹת עַל חַרְבּוֹ: ״וְהָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר תָּרִיד וְגוֹ׳״ (בראשית כז:מ):
and You have given them to drink tears in large measure Heb. שליש. In Babylon, where they were for seventy years, a third (שליש) of the two hundred and ten of Egypt. I learned this from the work of Rabbi Moshe Hadarshan. It may also be interpreted as regards the kingdom of Greece, which represents the third trouble. If you ask, is that [not] the fourth, because Persia and Media came before, all the seventy years of the Babylonian exile are only one exile. Menachem (p. 175) interprets שליש as the name of a drinking vessel. So he explained (Isa. 40:12): “and He measured with a ‘shalish’ the dust of the earth.” Our Sages explained it (Mid. Ps. 80: 4) as referring to the three tears that Esau shed, concerning whom it is said (Gen. 27:34): “and he cried a cry.” That is one. “A great one.” That is two. “And a bitter one.” That is three. Because of them, he merited to live by his sword, as it is said (Gen. 27:40): “and it will come to pass when you complain, etc.”
ז׳
תְּשִׂימֵ֣נוּ מָ֭דוֹן לִשְׁכֵנֵ֑ינוּ וְ֝אֹיְבֵ֗ינוּ יִלְעֲגוּ־לָֽמוֹ׃
7
You set us at strife with our neighbors;
our enemies mock us at will.
7
Thou makest us a strife unto our neighbours; And our enemies mock as they please.
תְּשִׂימֵנוּ מָדוֹן. אַתָּה שָׂם אוֹתָנוּ מָדוֹן לְכָל שְׁכֵנֵינוּ, שֶׁנִּתְגָּרוּ בָּנוּ יָוָן:
You have made us the target of strife You have made us the target of strife to all our neighbors, for the Greeks have quarreled with us.
ח׳
אֱלֹהִ֣ים צְבָא֣וֹת הֲשִׁיבֵ֑נוּ וְהָאֵ֥ר פָּ֝נֶ֗יךָ וְנִוָּשֵֽׁעָה׃
8
O God of hosts, restore us;
show Your favor that we may be delivered.
8
O God of hosts, restore us; And cause Thy face to shine, and we shall be saved.
הֲשִׁיבֵנוּ וְנִוָּשֵׁעָה. מִבְּנֵי יָוָן:
return us, etc., and we shall be saved from the Greeks.
ט׳
גֶּ֭פֶן מִמִּצְרַ֣יִם תַּסִּ֑יעַ תְּגָרֵ֥שׁ גּ֝וֹיִ֗ם וַתִּטָּעֶֽהָ׃
9
You plucked up a vine from Egypt;
You expelled nations and planted it.
9
Thou didst pluck up a vine out of Egypt; Thou didst drive out the nations, and didst plant it.
גֶּפֶן מִמִּצְרַיִם תַּסִּיעַ וְגוֹ׳. חָזַר וְרָמַז עַל גָּלוּת אֲרַמִּיִּים: גֶּפֶן יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר הִסַּעְתָּ מִמִּצְרַיִם, עָקַרְתָּ מִשָּׁם (חולין צב.), כְּמוֹ ״וַיַּסַּע כָּעֵץ תִּקְוָתִי״ (איוב יט:י), וְאַחַר כָּךְ גֵּרַשְׁתָּ שִׁבְעָה גוֹיִם וּנְטַעְתָּם בְּאַרְצָם:
You uprooted a vine from Egypt He went back and alluded to the exile of the Romans. The vine of Israel, which You uprooted from Egypt. You uprooted them from there, as (Job 19:10): “He has uprooted (ויסע) my hope like a tree.” Afterwards, You drove out the seven nations and planted Israel in their land.
י׳
פִּנִּ֥יתָ לְפָנֶ֑יהָ וַתַּשְׁרֵ֥שׁ שָׁ֝רָשֶׁ֗יהָ וַתְּמַלֵּא־אָֽרֶץ׃
10
You cleared a place for it;
it took deep root and filled the land.
10
Thou didst clear a place before it, And it took deep root, and filled the land.
פִּנִּיתָ לְפָנֶיהָ. אֶת הַיּוֹשְׁבִים שָׁם:
You cleared before it those dwelling there.
וַתַּשְׁרֵשׁ שָׁרָשֶׁיהָ. הִשְׁרִישָׁה שָׁרָשֶׁיהָ:
י"א
כָּסּ֣וּ הָרִ֣ים צִלָּ֑הּ וַ֝עֲנָפֶ֗יהָ אַֽרְזֵי־אֵֽל׃
11
The mountains were covered by its shade,
mighty cedars by its boughs.
11
The mountains were covered with the shadow of it, And the mighty cedars with the boughs thereof.
וַעֲנָפֶיהָ. כְּמוֹ אַרְזֵי אֵל, אֲרָזִים חֲזָקִים. כְּלוֹמַר: מְלָכִים אַדִּירִים:
and its branches were great cedars Heb. ארזי אל, like strong cedars, i.e., mighty kings.
י"ב
תְּשַׁלַּ֣ח קְצִירֶ֣הָ עַד־יָ֑ם וְאֶל־נָ֝הָ֗ר יֽוֹנְקוֹתֶֽיהָ׃
12
Its branches reached the sea,
its shoots, the river.
12
She sent out her branches unto the sea, And her shoots unto the River.
תְּשַׁלַּח קְצִירֶהָ. שִׁלְּחָה פְּאוֹרוֹתֶיהָ, כְּמוֹ ״וְעָשָׂה קָצִיר״ (איוב יד:ט):
It sent forth its branches Heb. קצירה. It sent forth its branches, as (Job 14:9): “and it will produce a branch (קציר).”
עַד יָם. עַד הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל הָיָה גְבוּלָהּ (במדבר לד:ו):
until the sea Its boundary was until the Mediterranean Sea.
וְאֶל נָהָר יוֹנְקוֹתֶיהָ. רָחְבּוֹ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמִּדְבָּר עַד הַנָּהָר נְהַר פְּרָת (יהושע א:ד):
and to the river its tender shoots The width of Eretz Israel is from the desert to the Euphrates River.
י"ג
לָ֭מָּה פָּרַ֣צְתָּ גְדֵרֶ֑יהָ וְ֝אָר֗וּהָ כָּל־עֹ֥בְרֵי דָֽרֶךְ׃
13
Why did You breach its wall
so that every passerby plucks its fruit,
13
Why hast Thou broken down her fences, So that all they that pass by the way do pluck her?
פָּרַצְתָּ גְדֵרֶיהָ. שֶׁל אוֹתָהּ הַכֶּרֶם:
have You breached its fences of that vineyard?
וְאָרוּהָ כָּל עֹבְרֵי דָרֶךְ. לִקְּטוּהָ כָּל הַבָּא, כְּמוֹ ״אָרִיתִי מוֹרִי עִם בְּשָׂמִי״ (שיר השירים ה:א), וְכֵן בִּלְשׁוֹן מִשְׁנָה: כִּמְלֹא אוֹרֶה וְסַלּוֹ (שביעית א:ב):
so that all wayfarers have plucked its fruit וארוה. All who came plucked it, as (Song 5:1): “I gathered (אריתי) my myrrh with my spices.” Similarly, in the language of the Mishnah (Shevi’ith 1:2): “as much space as is required by a picker (אורה) and his basket.”
י"ד
יְכַרְסְמֶ֣נָּֽה חֲזִ֣יר מִיָּ֑עַר וְזִ֖יז שָׂדַ֣י יִרְעֶֽנָּה׃
14
wild boars gnaw at it,
and creatures of the field feed on it?
14
The boar out of the wood doth ravage it, That which moveth in the field feedeth on it.
יְכַרְסְמֶנָּה חֲזִיר מִיָּעַר. כְּמוֹ שָׂדֶה שֶׁקִּרְסְמוּהָ נְמָלִים (פאה ב:ז) בִּלְשׁוֹן מִשְׁנָה, וְהוּא לְשׁוֹן נְתִיקָה:
The boar from the forest gnaws at it Heb. יכרסמנה, as (Peah 2:7): “A field that the ants have nibbled (קרסמוה),” an expression of plucking out.
מִיָּעַר. הָעַיִ״ן תְּלוּיָה (וכאלו נכתב באל״ף). זָכוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, הֲרֵי עֵשָׂו אוֹיְבָם כְּחַיַּת הַיְאוֹר שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם כֹּחַ לַעֲלוֹת בַּיַּבָּשָׁה, וּבִזְמַן שֶׁהַפֻּרְעָנוּת נִגְזַר עֲלֵיהֶם מִתְגַּבֵּר כְּחַיַּת הַיַּעַר שֶׁהִיא מַשְׁחֶתֶת וְהוֹרֶגֶת. וַחֲזִיר מִיָּעַר הוּא עֲמָלֵק, כְּמוֹ דִּכְתִיב (דניאל ז:ז) ״אָכְלָה וּמְדַקָּה וּשְׁאָרָא בְּרַגְלַהּ רָפְסָה״, וְיֵשׁ לוֹ (לֶחָזִיר) מִקְצָת סִימָנֵי טָהֳרָה. אַף עֲמָלֵק יֵשׁ לוֹ זְכוּת אָבוֹת:
from the forest Heb. מיער. The “ayin” is suspended (as though it were written with an “aleph”). If Israel is worthy, the enemies are like the beasts of the river, which have no strength to climb out upon the dry land; but when retribution is decreed upon them, he (sic) grows strong as the beast of the forest, which destroys and kills. The boar of the forest is Esau, as is written (Dan. 7:7): “It devoured and broke in pieces and the rest it trampled with its feet.” And it (the swine) has some signs of purity. Esau, too, has the merit of his fathers.
וְזִיז שָׂדַי. כָּל רֶמֶשׂ הַשָּׂדֶה, וּלְשׁוֹן זִיז – שֶׁהוּא זָז מִמְּקוֹמוֹ וְהוֹלֵךְ:
and the creeping things of the field Heb. זיז, all creeping things of the field. The expression זיז means anything that constantly moves from its place.
יִרְעֶנָּה. רוֹעֶה עָלֶיהָ וַעֲנָפֶיהָ וְאוֹכְלָן:
graze upon it Graze upon it and its branches and eat them.
ט"ו
אֱלֹהִ֣ים צְבָאוֹת֮ שֽׁ֫וּב־נָ֥א הַבֵּ֣ט מִשָּׁמַ֣יִם וּרְאֵ֑ה וּ֝פְקֹ֗ד גֶּ֣פֶן זֹֽאת׃
15
O God of hosts, turn again,
look down from heaven and see;
take note of that vine,
15
O God of hosts, return, we beseech Thee; Look from heaven, and behold, and be mindful of this vine,
ט"ז
וְ֭כַנָּה אֲשֶׁר־נָטְעָ֣ה יְמִינֶ֑ךָ וְעַל־בֵּ֝֗ן אִמַּ֥צְתָּה לָּֽךְ׃
16
the stock planted by Your right hand,
the stem you have taken as Your own.
16
And of the stock which Thy right hand hath planted, And the branch that Thou madest strong for Thyself. .
וְכַנָּה אֲשֶׁר נָטְעָה יְמִינֶךָ. הַמְבֻסֶּסֶת וְהַמְיֻשֶּׁבֶת לְשׁוֹן ״וַהֲשִׁיבְךָ עַל כַּנֶּךָ״ (בראשית מ:יג):
And of the foundation that Your right hand has planted Which is founded and established, which Your right hand has planted, an expression of (Gen. 40:13): “and restore you to your office (כנך) .”
וְעַל בֵּן אִמַּצְתָּ לָּךְ. וְעַל עֵשָׂו, שֶׁהָיָה בֵּן חָבִיב לְאָבִיו, שֶׁהָיָה קוֹרֵא אוֹתוֹ בְּנִי (בראשית כז:א), אִמַּצְתָּ גֶּפֶן יַעֲקֹב לָךְ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְאֶת אָחִיךָ תַּעֲבֹד״ (בראשית כז:מ). עַכְשָׁיו:
and over the son You have strengthened for Yourself And over Esau, who was a beloved son to this father, who would call him, “my son.” You strengthened the vine of Jacob for Yourself, as it is said (Gen. 27:40): “and You will serve your brother.” Now it is...
י"ז
שְׂרֻפָ֣ה בָאֵ֣שׁ כְּסוּחָ֑ה מִגַּעֲרַ֖ת פָּנֶ֣יךָ יֹאבֵֽדוּ׃
17
For it is burned by fire and cut down,
perishing before Your angry blast.
17
It is burned with fire, it is cut down; They perish at the rebuke of Thy countenance.
שְׂרוּפָה בָאֵשׁ. כְּסוּחָה, לְשׁוֹן ״לֹא תִזְמוֹר״ (ויקרא כה:ד), תִּרְגֵּם אוּנְקְלוֹס ״לָא תִכְסַח״:
Burned with fire [and] cut off Heb. כסוחה, an expression of (Lev. 25:4): “You shall not prune (תזמר), which Onkelos renders: לא תכסח.
יֹאבֵדוּ. תָּמִיד הֵם הוֹלְכִין וְאוֹבְדִין מִגַּעֲרַת פָּנֶיךָ וְזַעְפְּךָ:
they perish constantly; they continually perish from the rebuke of Your face and Your anger.
י"ח
תְּֽהִי־יָ֭דְךָ עַל־אִ֣ישׁ יְמִינֶ֑ךָ עַל־בֶּן־אָ֝דָ֗ם אִמַּ֥צְתָּ לָּֽךְ׃
18
Grant Your help to the man at Your right hand,
the one You have taken as Your own.
18
Let Thy hand be upon the man of Thy right hand, Upon the son of man whom Thou madest strong for Thyself.
תְּהִי יָדְךָ עַל אִישׁ יְמִינֶךָ. תָּשִׁיב מַכּוֹתֶיךָ עַל עֵשָׂו, שֶׁהוּא אִישׁ הָעוֹמֵד לְהִפָּרַע יְמִינְךָ מִמֶּנּוּ:
May Your hand be upon the man of Your right hand Deliver Your blows upon the man—viz. Esau—who is destined to receive retribution from Your right hand.
וְעַל בֶּן אָדָם. אֲשֶׁר אִמַּצְתָּ לְךָ לִהְיוֹת מוֹשָׁבוֹ ״מִשְׁמַנֵּי הָאָרֶץ״ (בראשית כז:לט):
upon the son of man whom You strengthened for Yourself that his habitation should be the fat places of the earth.
י"ט
וְלֹא־נָס֥וֹג מִמֶּ֑ךָּ תְּ֝חַיֵּ֗נוּ וּבְשִׁמְךָ֥ נִקְרָֽא׃
19
We will not turn away from You;
preserve our life that we may invoke Your name.
19
So shall we not turn back from Thee; Quicken Thou us, and we will call upon Thy name.
וְלֹא נָסוֹג מִמֶּךָּ. וְאַל תִּגְרֹם לָנוּ לִהְיוֹת נְסוֹגִים מִמֶּךָּ:
And let us not withdraw from You Do not cause us to withdraw from You.
תְּחַיֵּנוּ. מִן הַגָּלוּת וְנַזְכִּיר טוֹבָתְךָ וּגְבוּרָתְךָ, וְאָז נִקְרָא בִּשְׁמֶךָ:
grant us life from the exile, and we shall mention Your goodness and Your might, and then we shall call out in Your name.
כ׳
יְה֘וָ֤ה אֱלֹהִ֣ים צְבָא֣וֹת הֲשִׁיבֵ֑נוּ הָאֵ֥ר פָּ֝נֶ֗יךָ וְנִוָּשֵֽׁעָה׃
20
O LORD, God of hosts, restore us;
show Your favor that we may be delivered.
20
O LORD God of hosts, restore us; Cause Thy face to shine, and we shall be saved.
ה׳ אֱלֹהִים צְבָאוֹת. כָּאן נֶאֶמְרוּ שָׁלֹשׁ אַזְכָּרוֹת (שֶׁל שֵׁמוֹת), וּבָאֶמְצָעִי שְׁתֵּי אַזְכָּרוֹת (תהלים פ:ח), וּבָרִאשׁוֹן אַזְכָּרָה אַחַת (תהלים פ:ד). הַכֹּל לְפִי חֹזֶק הַגָּלֻיּוֹת וְהַצָּרָה וְהַגְּאֻלָּה:
O Lord God of Hosts Here are mentioned three holy names, yet in the middle case two names and in the first case one name. All this is according to the intensity of the exile, the trouble, and the redemption (which shall surely come).